东北大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (5): 447-453.DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2018.05.002

• 科技哲学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

尼科尔斯的科学问题观探析

顾益1,吴海燕2   

  1. (1.江南大学马克思主义学院,江苏无锡214122;2.南京晓庄学院马克思主义学院,江苏南京211171)
  • 收稿日期:2018-02-18 修回日期:2018-02-18 出版日期:2018-09-25 发布日期:2018-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 顾益
  • 作者简介:顾益(1985-),男,江苏江阴人,江南大学副教授,哲学博士,主要从事科学哲学研究;吴海燕(1974-),女,江苏镇江人,南京晓庄学院副教授,主要从事科技哲学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金资助项目(17BZX004);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(JUSRP11872);江南大学江苏党风廉政创新研究基地资助项目(17JSLZ01)。

A Study on Nickles' View of Scientific Problems

GU Yi1, WU Hai-yan2   

  1. (1. School of Marxism, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; 2. School of Marxism, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China)
  • Received:2018-02-18 Revised:2018-02-18 Online:2018-09-25 Published:2018-09-25
  • Contact: -
  • About author:-
  • Supported by:
    -

摘要: 尼科尔斯认为科学哲学需要转向以问题为核心的哲学考察,但经验论者的科学问题观无法回答“问题学研究如何可能”的美诺悖论,波普尔的科学问题模型则忽视了更深刻的概念问题。尼科尔斯提出了科学问题的“约束—包含”模型,从解题的角度回答了上述难题。他认为约束问题解答的所有结构化的条件定义了科学问题,并指出通过问题还原,科学家可以在不断精确定义问题的过程中,持续探寻更合理的解答方案。但尼科尔斯的概念问题可以被进一步拓展为对理论或概念提出的科学问题。

关键词: 科学问题, 尼科尔斯, 约束条件, 概念问题, 问题还原

Abstract: Thomas Nickles believes that philosophy of science should shift its focus from scientific theories to scientific problems; however, the empiricists' viewpoints of scientific problems cannot answer Meno paradox of problems, and the model of scientific problems by Karl Popper overlooks the more profound conceptual problem. Nickles proposes the constraint-inclusion modelof scientific problems, and solves the above-mentioned problem from the perspective of problem solving. He believes all the structural conditions that constrain problem solving define scientific problems, and by problem reduction, scientists can unceasingly search for more reasonable solutions in the process of defining problems more precisely. The conceptual problem of Nickles can be expanded to scientific problems of theories and concepts.

Key words: scientific problem, Thomas Nickles, constraint, conceptual problem, problem reduction

中图分类号: