Vigorously developing the digital economy is a critical task for accelerating the construction of a manufacturing powerhouse，while enhancing innovation performance is an important measure to promote the upgrading of China’s manufacturing structure. Based on China’s provincial panel data and data from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies for the period 2011-2020，this study employs spatial simultaneous equations and the generalized spatial three-stage least squares （GS3SLS） to empirically analyze the pathways and mechanisms through which the digital economy influences the upgrading of the manufacturing structure. The research findings indicate that，in terms of pathways，the digital economy not only impacts local manufacturing structure upgrading but also exhibits significant spatial spillover effects，indirectly driving the structural upgrading of manufacturing in neighboring regions. In terms of mechanisms，the digital economy promotes manufacturing structure upgrading by enhancing the scale efficiency of innovation.

Classical practice perspectives face new challenges posed by brain-computer interface （BCI） technology， such as the absence or ambiguity of the body concept and the need for redefining the relationship between practice and cognition. These challenges arise because BCI practice possesses entirely novel characteristics： transitioning from single-capability restoration to comprehensive ability enhancement， evolving from embodied practice to extended practice involving the brain， machine， and environment， creating entirely new internal brain practice spaces， and enabling interconnected practice. These features not only innovate the connotation of practice but also underscore the foundational role of the body in practice. Despite this， BCI practice also introduces three new challenges： confusion over the sense of agency， the divergence between action intention and actual behavior， and the dominance of information and cognitive overload. These challenges lie in domains never addressed by traditional practice philosophy， necessitating the development of new practice strategies. Such strategies should be constructed based on the characteristics of BCI technology， incorporating diverse practice types and the relationship between humans and intelligent systems， with a focus on scenario-led， human-centered， and refined BCI negotiation frameworks.

Moving beyond the simple interpretation of Bernard Stiegler’s concept of “technology as organ” as a purely rhetorical figure， this paper adopts a new interpretive approach， arguing that it should be viewed as a theory-constitutive metaphor with distinct cognitive functions. It serves as the logical pivot and cognitive core for discussing the co-constitutive relationship between humans and technology. Drawing on critical analogy， epiphylogenetic analysis， and anthropological tracing， the study reveals the ontological logic of technology as an exosomatic organ of the human body. Through an analysis of the progressive metaphorical chain—from “prosthesis” to “organ，” and further to the “human-technology-society ternary organ system”—this study demonstrates the role of metaphor in driving the development and deepening the connotation of the “technology as organ” concept. On this basis， the paper critically examines the dual cognitive functions of technological metaphors： it not only highlights their heuristic and constitutive value in the generation of technological theory but also acknowledges the risk of potential cognitive concealment. This study aims to provide an explanatory theoretical perspective for grasping the symbiotic mechanism between technology and human existence.

The issue of responsibility is of paramount importance in contemporary engineering activities. Craftsmen’s responsibility， as a core mechanism in ancient Chinese engineering practice， played a crucial role in ensuring quality， transmitting technical skills， and other key aspects. Its rich connotations provide an essential perspective for understanding the unique logic of traditional Chinese engineering civilization. Through a systematic analysis of classical texts such as The Artificers’Record （Kao Gong Ji） and Treatise on Architectural Methods　（Yingzao Fashi）， this study identifies the principal manifestations of craftsmen’s responsibility. These include： “craftsmanship as a vehicle of the Dao”， embodying the harmony between humanity and nature； “adherence to standards and procedures”， following established norms and measurements； “master-apprentice transmission”， ensuring the continuity of craftsmanship through mentorship； “inscribing the craftsman’s name on the artifact”， holding artisans accountable by marking their names on their work； “evaluation and merit-based rewards/punishments by master craftsmen”， assessing performance through supervision and incentives； and “annual maintenance and dredging”， guaranteeing long-term functionality through regular upkeep. These manifestations provide strong support for constructing a comprehensive contemporary responsibility system for craftsmen， encompassing the dimensions of fulfilling responsibility， upholding responsibility， inheriting responsibility， defining responsibility， supervising responsibility， and assuming responsibility. It offers insights for addressing such challenges in contemporary engineering activities as the lack of subject ethics， fragmented technical standards， difficulties in quality traceability， and weak whole-life-cycle operation and maintenance.

Promoting high-quality economic development and shaping the dual circulation pattern requires focused efforts on cultivating new quality productive forces. Digital technology innovation provides new momentum for accelerating the development of these new quality productive forces. Based on micro-panel data from A-share listed enterprises from 2012 to 2023， and after measuring corporate digital technology innovation capability and the development level of new quality productive forces， this study empirically examines the impact effect of corporate digital technology innovation on new quality productive forces and its mechanism of action. The research results indicate that digital technology innovation has a positive impact on the development of new quality productive forces， and this positive effect is primarily achieved through three transmission mechanisms： enhancing data-driven capability， market value creation capability， and organizational management capability. Heterogeneity analysis shows that digital technology innovation exhibits stronger empowering effects in regions with higher levels of intellectual property protection， industries with greater technological activity， and enterprises facing lower financing constraints. Extended analysis further indicates that new quality productive forces has a certain empowering effect on the high-quality development of enterprises.

Based on the provincial-level sample data from 2010 to 2022 in China， this study empirically examines the impact of the institutional environment on the level of new quality productive forces. The results indicate a significantly positive correlation between the institutional environment and the level of new quality productive forces， meaning that a sound institutional environment helps enhance new quality productive forces. The results of the study remained robust after addressing endogeneity through instrumental variable methods and multiple additional robustness tests. Further research revealed that enhancing technological innovation capability serves as a crucial pathway through which the institutional environment promotes the development of new quality productive forces. Moreover， this promoting effect is more pronounced in provinces with higher levels of openness to the world， greater human capital， and larger labor forces. Tests on the sub-indices of the institutional environment revealed that the government-market relationship， the development of the non-state economy， the degree of product market development， the degree of factor market development， the development of market intermediaries and the legal institutional environment are all significantly positively correlated with the level of new quality productive forces. These findings provide empirical support at the macro inter-provincial level for exploring pathways to enhance new quality productive forces.

The strong heterogeneity of environmental regulations across regions presents an important bottleneck to achieving common prosperity. Based on panel data from 174 prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2023， this study effectively measures the spatial heterogeneity of environmental regulations and the level of regional inclusive growth， and empirically examines the impact pathways and transmission mechanisms through which the spatial heterogeneity of environmental regulations affects regional inclusive growth. The research results indicate that the spatial heterogeneity of environmental regulations exerts a strong nonlinear impact on regional inclusive growth， with significant regional heterogeneity and heterogeneity across different stages of industrial structure development. This conclusion still holds true after robustness and endogeneity tests. At the same time， public environmental perception and government environmental attention exhibit a strong moderating effect on the impact of spatial heterogeneity of environmental regulations on inclusive growth. The analysis of the mechanism of action reveals that industrial transfer serves as a key channel through which the spatial heterogeneity of environmental regulations affects regional inclusive growth. Based on this， it is proposed that local governments formulate collaborative environmental regulation strategies to address the spatial heterogeneity of unreasonable environmental regulations.

Aiming to facilitate the development of a unified， professional， and orderly data factor trading market， this paper conducts a quantitative analysis of 148 data factor trading policies issued by the State Council and various ministries and commissions， and from a developmental perspective， examines these policies through the dimensions of “type， subject， regeneration， tool， and theme.” The study summarizes the evolutionary logic of data factor trading policies， analyzes the practical challenges facing market construction， and proposes pathways for optimizing data factor trading policies. The research shows that China's data factor trading policies have problems such as lagging legal design， misalignment of responsible entities， prominent replicative regeneration， imbalanced instrument selection， and overly macro-uniform thematic focus. To address these challenges， the following optimization strategies are proposed： strengthening transactional laws to provide programmatic guidance for data factor trading； engaging diverse policy actors as an engine to supply comprehensive momentum for collaborative development； refining policy regeneration as a breakthrough to chart a flagship direction for data factor trading； balancing policy instruments as a safeguard to offer foundational guidance for data factor trading； and diversifying policy themes as a cornerstone to establish institutional foundations for data factor trading.

This article utilizes balanced panel data from 30 provincial-level administrative units spanning 2010 to 2021 and employs the Difference-in-Differences （DID） method to empirically analyze the emission reduction effects of environmental regulatory policy instrument mix.The research results indicate that the emission reduction effects of the environmental regulatory policy instrument mix are significant.The combination of carbon emissions trading and environmental protection taxes significantly reduces the carbon emission intensity in the policy implementation areas， and these results have passed robustness tests.The environmental regulatory policy instrument mix exhibits a synergistic rather than an antagonistic effect， and it leads to a more significant reduction in carbon emission intensity compared to a single environmental regulatory policy tool.In the emission reduction pathway of the environmental regulatory policy instrument mix， the mediating effect of industrial structure advancement is higher than that of reduced energy consumption.Both serve as partial mediating effects for the emission reduction of the policy mix， accounting for 50.25% and 30.59% of the total effect， respectively.On this basis， the research provides policy implications for the design and implementation of environmental regulatory policy instrument mix in China， focusing on enhancing the synergy of the policy mix and leveraging the emission reduction effects of industrial structure advancement and reduced energy consumption.

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region， which has been rapidly advancing regional integration， pioneered the implementation of cross-regional “cooperative response to accidents” policy targeting accidents and disasters in 2017. This initiative provided practical experience for cross-regional collaborative governance in production safety. Grounded in theories of holistic governance and regulatory fluctuation， this study constructs a theoretical framework to analyze how “cooperative response to accidents” influences production safety governance performance. Utilizing inter-provincial panel data from China for the period 2011-2023， this study conducts an empirical analysis of the policy’s effects and its mechanisms by using the difference-in-differences method. The findings reveal that the “cooperative response to accidents” policy significantly reduced both the number of fatalities from production safety accidents and the mortality rate per hundred million yuan of output value in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei （BTH） region， without inducing a performance crowding-out effect on economic growth， indicating that the policy’s optimization of production safety governance performance is sustainable in the long term. “cooperative response to accidents” influences industrial enterprise behavior through flexible safety regulation and optimizes production safety governance performance by prompting governments to reallocate resources towards safety priorities.

In the context of digital government construction， advancing the legalization of business-to-government （B2G） data sharing holds significant importance. However， relying solely on voluntary data sharing under the autonomy of will， or compulsory submission and retrieval under public law， may lead to an imbalance between public and private interests， thereby undermining the long-term viability of the B2G data sharing model. Consequently， there is an urgent need for a legal mechanism with both public and private law attributes to serve as an effective supplement. Compared with compulsory requisition or mandatory licensing， the compulsory contracting obligation-structured upon freedom of contract as a foundational premise and contractual compulsion as a supplementary regulatory measure-offers greater applicability. In general， the order of preference for B2G data sharing mechanisms should be voluntary enterprise sharing， compulsory contracting， and administrative compulsion. The application of compulsory contracting system in the B2G context must be subject to reasonable constraints in terms of its purpose， the parties involved， and procedural safeguards. Furthermore， the application of the compulsory contracting system primarily aims to facilitate the realization of data sharing. Nevertheless， with respect to the specific contractual terms， adequate space for mutual consensus between governmental entities and enterprises must be preserved.

China’s Personal Information Protection Law and Civil Code explicitly recognize “reasonable processing” as a statutory ground for exemption from liability. However， current judicial practice in adjudicating the crime of “Infringement of Citizens’ Personal Information” under Criminal Law often fails to adequately consider the reasonableness of the conduct， leading to dilemmas concerning the unclear normative positioning of this element and the absence of clear assessment criteria. To accurately determine criminal liability， this paper argues for clarifying the normative position and dual role of “reasonable processing” within the assessment of illegality， and for elucidating the legal interest balancing mechanism when “reasonable processing” leads to non-conviction. The evaluation of “reasonable processing” must ensure systematic consistency between the criminal law and pre-existing laws. Specifically， the normative element “in violation of relevant state regulations” should be interpreted as “expressly prohibited by pre-existing laws” rather than “not authorized by pre-existing laws”. Furthermore， the scope of “relevant state regulations” herein should be strictly confined to laws and administrative regulations. In terms of specific rules， the object of legal benefit balancing in the “reasonableness” assessment is the composite legal interest of personal information； the standard for such balancing should refer to the hierarchy of fundamental rights established by the constitution and the statutory sentencing ranges of specific offenses in the Criminal Law； the method of balancing should involve a comprehensive evaluation conducted within the framework of the theory of communicative action and the principle of proportionality.

Based on TOE theory， this paper constructs an anal-ytical framework for the digital transformation of education in China. By analyzing 82 policy texts on the digital transformation of education released by local governments， summarized three major action plans of the digital transformation of education in China： technological changes driven by the new network infrastructure， technological changes led by digital ethics， and organizational changes guided by the improvement of the main subjects capabilities. Behind it lies three fundamental construction logics： the first is the technological empowerment logic of digital technology enhancing the effectiveness of educational governance； the second is the organizational revitalization logic of digital capabilities supporting digital transformation； the third is the environmental optimization logic of digital culture unblocking the obstacles of digital transformation. In the future， efforts should be made to form a synergy in promoting advanced experiences of technology empowering education， building a regional collaborative and multi-party interactive network for the digital transformation of education， and promoting the construction of an environment oriented towards digital citizens， so as to further implement the strategy of digital transformation of education.

To address the current challenge of brain drain in science and technology and confront both national and global challenges， the UK has proposed a new objective for the external governance of university research： building a “people-centered” research and innovation ecosystem. On this basis， the UK has， on one hand， translated this governance objective into concrete and actionable strategies by adjusting the operational structures of external governance for university research and clarifying organizational visions， subsequently integrating these strategies into the entire university research system. On the other hand， the UK has formulated and implemented policies conducive to research inclusivity， mitigated the utilitarian emphasis in research evaluation mechanisms， restructured research funding mechanisms based on talent development， and enhanced the study of research culture through evidence-based approaches. This has established a virtuous quadripartite cycle mechanism encompassing “policy standards-social attitudes-problem intervention-evidence management” to ensure efficient advancement of the governance objective. The UK’s experience offers valuable insights for China in accelerating the development of world-leading talent hubs and innovation highlands by reforming the external governance system for university research.

As the cultural and philosophical bedrock of the New Critics of the United States， the “Agrarian Movement” emphasized traditional southern agricultural civilization. It stood as a bulwark against the encroachment of capitalist industrialization， proposing it as an antidote to the post-war crisis. This stance catalyzed a significant transformation within the American intellectual community and sparked the Southern Renaissance. Dewey’s pragmatic thought， in contrast， championed the transformation of the society through a collectivist behavior fostered by industrial society. In order to counter Dewey’s pragmatic thought， the Agrarians launched a critique of both his philosophical thought and the progressive philosophy he epitomized. Upon examining the clash between these two ideologies， it might initially appear that the disagreement lies in the tension between conservatism and progressivism， or between the agricultural civilization and industrial civilization. While in fact， the conflict is rooted in the dichotomy between ecological thought and pragmatic rationalism inherent within these two different civilizations.