Abstract: The Soviet Unions technocratic movement in 1920s resulted mainly from the need for a large number of professional and technical personnel in the process of socialist industrialization. At that time， only the technical experts of the bourgeoisie from the old regime were competent for the task， making it possible that the new economic policies should aim to improve the intellectuals material benefits and political status. As the sponsors and organizers of the campaign， P. Palchinsky and P. Engelmeier racked their brains to make the engineers undertake greater social responsibility for the national recovery and construction， and ultimately fulfill the objective of technocracy in the Soviet Union. The failure of the technocratic movement is largely due to the authorities distrust of the technologists. A series of miscarriages of justice not only led to a lack of talents for the national construction， but also brought about quite a few detours in the Soviet Unions industrialization. The rise and fall of the technocratic movement in the Soviet Union sets a negative example in understanding the social role of intellectuals and formulating the reasonable policies for intellectuals.

Key words: The Soviet Union, P. Palchinsky, technocracy, philosophy of technology