Abstract: Based on the theory of planned behavior， a questionnaire was designed on Chinese urban residents community selfgovernance behavior. The descriptive statistics of 1794 residents indicated that Chinese urban residents community selfgovernance behavior exhibits the following characteristics: the participation level of residents selfgovernance was low; the residents sense of selfgovernance actual control was moderate; the residents attitude to selfgovernance was quite positive; and the residents could understand correctly the basic meanings of community selfgovernance. Accordingly， some measures should be take to effectively promote residents community selfgovernance behavior—providing residents with successful experiences of selfgovernance to improve their selfefficacy; promoting healthy economic and political development to closely connect community selfgovernance with residents interests; striving to foster communitybased social organizations and increase the stock of communitybased social capital; and pooling efforts of families， schools and professionals to publicize vigorously the knowledge on community selfgovernance.

Key words: theory of planned behavior, urban resident, community selfgovernance behavior, sense of selfgovernance actual control