横向载荷与预紧力对螺栓断裂寿命的影响

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2024.01.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

螺栓连接依靠自身简单可靠的特点被广泛应用于各个行业，然而螺栓的疲劳断裂却是一个非常突出的问题.因此，为准确预测螺栓断裂失效寿命，进行了螺栓材料的疲劳裂纹扩展实验，求得了螺栓材料的断裂参数，从而建立了Paris裂纹扩展模型.然后运用有限元方法与疲劳裂纹扩展实验进行对标，并取得较好的效果，为螺栓断裂失效寿命的计算奠定了基础.最后，考虑到螺栓预紧力与横向载荷对螺栓断裂的影响，建立了带裂纹的螺栓有限元模型，并采用有限元方法进行螺栓失效寿命计算的定量分析.结果表明：横向载荷与螺栓预紧力对应力强度因子和螺栓使用寿命具有较大的影响.

关键词: 螺栓断裂, 失效寿命, 有限元计算, 横向载荷, 定量分析

Abstract:

Bolted joints are widely used in various industries for their simplicity and reliability， but the fatigue fracture of bolts is still a very prominent problem. Therefore， to accurately predict the bolt fracture failure life， the fatigue crack propagation experiments of bolt materials are conducted to obtain the fracture parameters of bolt materials， so that the Paris model can be established. Then the finite element method is applied with fatigue crack propagation experiments for calibration and achieves better results， which provides a basis for the calculation of the bolt fracture failure life. Finally， considering the influence of bolt pretension and transverse load on bolt fractures， a cracked bolt finite element model is established and the bolt failure life is quantitatively analyzed by the finite element method. The results show that the transverse load and bolt preload have a large effect on the stress intensity factor and bolt life.

Key words: bolt fracture, failure life, finite element calculation, transverse load, quantitative analysis

中图分类号:

TG 519.1

苗兴琳, 黄贤振, 丁鹏飞, 郑智群. 横向载荷与预紧力对螺栓断裂寿命的影响[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 45(1): 68-75.

Xing-lin MIAO, Xian-zhen HUANG, Peng-fei DING, Zhi-qun ZHENG. Effect of Transverse Load and Preload on the Fracture Life of Bolts[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2024, 45(1): 68-75.

图/表 14

图1 疲劳裂纹扩展实验测试系统

Fig. 1 Fatigue crack propagation experiment testing system

图2 样件尺寸图（单位：mm）

Fig. 2 Sample size drawing（unit：mm）

图3 25CrNiMo材料疲劳裂纹扩展实验结果

Fig. 3 Experimental results of fatigue crack growth of 25CrNiMo material

图4 计算流程

Fig. 4 Calculation process

图5 实验与仿真结果对比图

Fig. 5 Comparison of experimental and simulation results

图6 螺栓计算模型

Fig. 6 Bolt calculation model

图7 螺栓应力计算结果

Fig. 7 Stress calculation results of bolt

图8 总载荷对Ⅰ型应力强度因子的影响

Fig. 8 Effect of total load on type I stress intensity factor

图9 不同预紧力对Ⅰ型应力强度因子的影响

Fig. 9 Effect of different preload forces on type I stress intensity factor

图10 不同预紧力对Ⅲ型应力强度因子的影响

Fig. 10 Effect of different preload forces on type III stress intensity factor

图11 不同预紧力对疲劳寿命的影响

Fig. 11 Effect of different preload forces on fatigue life

图12 不同横向载荷对Ⅰ型应力强度因子的影响

Fig. 12 Effect of different transverse loads on type I stress intensity factor

图13 不同横向载荷对Ⅰ型应力强度因子的影响

Fig. 13 Effect of different transverse loads on type I stress intensity factor

图14 不同横向载荷对疲劳寿命的影响

Fig. 14 Effect of different transverse loads on fatigue life

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