刀具前刀面织构倾斜角度对切削AISI 304的影响

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230228

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索织构方向在改善刀具性能方面产生差异的原因，首先分析了前刀面织构对切削力的影响以及织构倾斜角对衍生切削的影响机理.其次采用激光加工方法在前刀面制备了具有不同方向的织构.从切削力、切削温度、刀具磨损、工件表面粗糙度和切屑形态方面比较了织构刀具切削AISI 304的性能.结果表明，织构刀具性能由织构减小的刀-屑接触面积和织构造成的衍生切削共同决定.织构倾斜角度对衍生切削具有较大影响，具有较小织构倾斜角的织构刀具切削性能最优，相较于普通刀具，切削力、切削温度和工件表面粗糙度的最大降幅分别达到了13.2%，16.7% 和3.76%.

关键词: 织构刀具, 织构排列方向, 切削性能, 衍生切削, AISI 304

Abstract:

To explore the reasons for the difference in the texture direction in improving the tool performance， firstly， the effect of the texture on the cutting force was analyzed， as well as the mechanism of texture direction on the derivative cutting. Secondly， the textures with different directions were fabricated by laser texturing techniques. The cutting performances of the textured tool were compared in terms of cutting force， cutting temperature， tool wear， workpiece surface roughness， and chip morphology. The results showed that the performance of the textured tool is determined by both the reduced tool‑chip contact area and the derivative cutting due to the textures. The texture direction has a large effect on the derivative cutting. The cutting performance of the tool with a smaller textured tilted angle is optimal， with maximum reductions in cutting force， cutting temperature， and workpiece surface roughness of 13.2%， 16.7%， and 3.76%， respectively， compared to the untextured tools.

Key words: textured tool, texture direction, cutting performance, derivative cutting, AISI 304

中图分类号:

TH 161

周亮, 邹平, 杨振宇. 刀具前刀面织构倾斜角度对切削AISI 304的影响[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(1): 110-118.

Liang ZHOU, Ping ZOU, Zhen-yu YANG. Effect of Tilted Angles of Cutting Tools’ Rake Face Textures on Cutting AISI 304[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(1): 110-118.

图/表 14

图1 织构刀具稳定正交切削示意图

Fig.1 Schematic of stable orthogonal cutting with the textured cutting tools

图2 织构衍生切削示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of derived cutting on texture

图3 织构倾斜角对衍生切削影响示意图（a）—ψ=0°；（b）—ψ≠0°.

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of effect of the textured tilted angle on derivative cutting

表1 刀具织构激光加工参数

Table 1 Laser processing parameters of cutting tool’s textures

激光器

型号

图4 织构刀具（a）—织构刀具示意图；（b）—织构三维形貌.

Fig.4 Textured tools

表2 实验切削参数

Table 2 Cutting parameters for cutting tests

刀具	切削速度	进给量	切深
刀具	m·min^-1	mm·r^-1	mm
MTT0~MTT4	75，94，132，167	0.12	0.1

图5 实验切削过程

Fig.5 Machining process for tests

图6 切削力（a）—主切削力Fz；（b）—径向切削力Fy .

Fig.6 Cutting force

图7 切削温度

Fig.7 Cutting temperature

图8 刀具磨损状态（a）—MTT0；（b）—MTT1；（c）—MTT2；（d）—MTT3；（e）—MTT4.

Fig.8 Tool wear state

图9 刀具后刀面磨损（a）—MTT0；（b）—MTT1；（c）—MTT2；（d）—MTT3；（e）—MTT4.

Fig.9 Flank wear of the cutting tools

图10 工件表面粗糙度

Fig.10 Roughness of the finished workpiece surface

图11 切屑自由表面显微形貌（a）—MTT0；（b）—MTT1；（c）—MTT2；（d）—MTT3；（e）—MTT4.

Fig.11 Chip micro-morphology on the free surface

图12 切屑后表面显微形貌（a）—MTT0；（b）—MTT1；（c）—MTT2；（d）—MTT3；（e）—MTT4.

Fig.12 Chip micro-morphology on the back surface

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