东北大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 78-86.DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230268

• 资源与土木工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

高温条件下NCM锂离子电池热失控释放气体的爆炸特性

李刚, 张修鹏, 常伟达, 周伟   

  1. 东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-15 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-07-01
  • 作者简介:李 刚(1969—),男,河南信阳人,东北大学教授,博士生导师.
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(52274180)

Explosion Characteristics of NCM Lithium-Ion Battery Vent Gases After Thermal Runaway Under High Temperature Conditions

Gang LI, Xiu-peng ZHANG, Wei-da CHANG, Wei ZHOU   

  1. School of Resources & Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China. Corresponding author: LI Gang,professor,E-mail: ligang@mail. neu. edu. cn
  • Received:2023-09-15 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-07-01

摘要:

为了解Li(Ni x Co y Mn1-x-y )O2(NCM)锂离子电池热失控释放气体(BVG)在高温环境下引发爆燃的危险性,利用8 L爆炸测试装置和本生灯分别对BVG在不同初始温度θ0(25~120 ℃)下的爆炸特性和层流燃烧速度进行了测试. 同时,利用软件CHEMKIN数值模拟分析了常温和高温条件下层流燃烧速度SL的影响机制. 结果表明,爆炸下限(LFL)随初始温度的升高变化不明显,爆炸上限(UFL)增大;当θ0升高到120 ℃时,最大爆炸压力pmax由0.62 MPa降至0.45 MPa,且与θ0呈指数衰减关系;受正反两方面作用的影响,最大爆炸上升速率(dp/dt)maxθ0的升高有不同程度的降低;极限氧浓度(LOC)从7.39%呈指数下降至7.03%;SLθ0的升高而增大. 同时发现C2H4和H2含量是影响BVG燃烧及爆炸破坏程度的决定性因素. 研究结果可为NCM锂离子电池热失控引发环境爆燃的危险性评估与防治提供参考.

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热失控, 爆炸特性, 极限氧浓度, 层流燃烧速度, 机理分析

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the risk of deflagration in high temperature environments caused by NCM lithium-ion battery vent gas (BVG) after thermal runaway, the explosion characteristics and laminar burning velocity of BVG at different initial temperature θ0 (25~120 ℃) were tested using an 8 L explosive chamber and a Bunsen burner. At the same time, the influence mechanisms of laminar burning velocity(SL) at room temperature and high temperatures were further analyzed by CHEMKIN numerical simulations. The results show that the LFL doesn’t change significantly with the increase of the initial temperature, and UFL increases. When θ0 increases to 120 °C, pmax decreases from 0.62 MPa to 0.45 MPa, and the relationship with θ0 is exponential. Affected by both positive and negative effects, (dp/dtmax decreases to different degrees with the increase of θ0; LOC decreases exponentially from 7.39% to 7.03%; SL increases with the increase of θ0. It is also found that C2H4 and H2 are the decisive factors affecting the combustion and explosion damage degree of BVG. The research results can provide a reference for the risk assessment and prevention of environmental deflagration caused by thermal runaway in NCM lithium-ion batteries.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, explosion characteristics, limiting oxygen concentration(LOC), laminar burning velocity, mechanism analysis

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