灌溉诱发湿陷性黄土性能劣化机理及试验研究

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20240106

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究湿陷性黄土受灌溉影响产生性能劣化的机理，通过差异盐分质量分数状态下不同灌溉-蒸发循环次数的室内试验，建立重塑黄土湿陷性受灌溉-蒸发循环作用的劣化模型，提出评估劣化性能指标，并通过扫描电镜（SEM）试验获取其微观结构的变化特征.结果表明，湿陷系数随灌溉-蒸发循环次数增加及盐分质量分数升高呈现不同的增长规律.灌溉-蒸发和盐蚀的耦合作用使黄土骨架结构更加松散和弱化，为湿陷性提供了更多的孔隙空间.盐分质量分数小于0.3%时，灌溉-蒸发劣化率高于盐蚀劣化率；盐分质量分数大于0.6%时，盐蚀劣化率高于灌溉-蒸发劣化率.该研究可为黄土高原地区的湿陷性黄土性能劣化产生的灾害评价和预测提供参考依据.

关键词: 重塑黄土, 盐蚀, 灌溉-蒸发循环, 湿陷性能劣化, 土壤结构

Abstract:

In order to investigate the mechanism of performance deterioration in collapsible loess under the influence of irrigation， laboratory tests with varying irrigation and evaporation cycles under different salt mass fraction conditions were conducted. A deterioration model of remolded loess collapsibility affected by irrigation and evaporation cycles was established， along with proposed evaluation indices for deterioration performance. The microstructural evolution characteristics were obtained through scanning electron microscopy （SEM） tests. Results indicate that the collapsibilify coefficient exhibits defferent growth patterns with increasing irrigation and evaporation cycles and rising salt mass fraction. The coupled effects of irrigation and evaporation and salt erosion render the loess skeletal structure more porous and weaker， providing additional pore space for collapsibility. When the salt mass fraction is below 0.3%， the deterioration rate caused by irrigation and evaporation exceeds that from salt erosion. Conversely， when the salt mass fraction exceeds 0.6%， the deterioration rate from salt erosion surpasses that caused by irrigation and evaporation. This research can serve as a reference for hazard assessment and prediction of performance deterioration in collapsible loess within the Loess Plateau region.

Key words: remolded loess, salt erosion, irrigation and evaporation cycle, deterioration of collapsibility, soil structure

中图分类号:

TU 411

马世雄, 王述红, 刘智. 灌溉诱发湿陷性黄土性能劣化机理及试验研究[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(11): 134-142.

Shi-xiong MA, Shu-hong WANG, Zhi LIU. Mechanism and Experimental Study on Deterioration of Collapsible Loess Performance Induced by Irrigation[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(11): 134-142.

图/表 12

表1 Q3黄土样品的物理性质

Table 1 Physical properties of Q3 loess sample

自然密度

ρ₀/（g·cm^-3）

干密度

ρ_d/（g·cm^-3）

天然含水率

w₀/%

初始孔隙比

e₀

土粒相对密度

ρ_r

塑限

w_P/%

液限

w_L/%

表2 Q3黄土土样初始可溶盐离子成分及其质量分数 (10-6)

Table 2 Initial soluble salt ion composition and mass fraction of Q3 loess sample

类型	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	HCO $3 -$	SO $4 2 -$	Cl^-	CO $3 2 -$
质量分数	87.44	53.99	130.50	6.86	233.29	246.43	101.18	89.21

表2 Q3黄土土样初始可溶盐离子成分及其质量分数 (10-6)

Table 2 Initial soluble salt ion composition and mass fraction of Q3 loess sample

类型	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	HCO $3 -$	SO $4 2 -$	Cl^-	CO $3 2 -$
质量分数	87.44	53.99	130.50	6.86	233.29	246.43	101.18	89.21

图1 黄土土样的灌溉-蒸发循环试验研究

Fig.1 Experimental study by irrigation and evaporation cycles of loess samples

图2 不同循环次数下湿陷系数δs与垂直应力p之间的关系曲线（a）—ws=0；（b）—ws=0.3%；（c）—ws=0.6%；（d）—ws=1.0%.

Fig.2 Relationship between collapsibility coefficient δs and vertical stress p under different cycles

图3 200 kPa下湿陷系数与灌溉-蒸发循环次数关系曲线

Fig.3 Relationship between collapsibility coefficient and irrigation and evaporation cycles at 200 kPa

图4 200 kPa下湿陷系数与盐分质量分数的关系曲线

Fig.4 Relationship between collapsibility coefficient and salt mass fraction at 200 kPa

图5 不同灌溉-蒸发循环次数后样品的SEM图像（ws=0）注：R1—角状颗粒，R2—圆形颗粒，R3—胶结骨料；M1—面接触，M2—点接触；Q1—骨料内孔隙，Q2—骨料间孔隙.

Fig.5 SEM images of samples after different irrigation and evaporation cycles(ws=0)（a）—N=0；（b）—N=2；（c）—N=4；（d）—N=8.

图6 不同盐分质量分数下样品的SEM图像（N=10）（a）—ws=0；（b）—ws=0.3%；（c）—ws=0.6%；（d）—ws=1.0%.

Fig.6 SEM images of samples at different salt mass fractions(N=10)

图7 SEM图像的二值化与孔隙识别

Fig.7 Binarization and pore identification of SEM image

图8 不同黄土样品的孔隙面积分布注：样品组如0-4表示盐分质量分数为0，灌溉-蒸发循环次数N=4.

Fig.8 Pore area distribution of different loess samples

图9 200 kPa下不同盐分质量分数土样湿陷系数与灌溉-蒸发循环次数关系曲线

Fig.9 Relationship between collapsibility coefficient of loess samples at different salt mass fractions and irrigation and evaporation cycles at 200 kPa

图10 湿陷性劣化率与盐分质量分数关系曲线（a）—K1与盐分质量分数的关系曲线；（b）—K2与盐分质量分数的关系曲线；（c）—K1，K2变化趋势曲线.

Fig.10 Relationship between collapsibility deterioration rate and salt mass fraction

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