横轧变形量对7075-T6铝合金板材组织与性能的影响

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20240185

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以短流程工艺和常规工艺制备的7075-T6铝合金板材为研究对象,研究交叉轧制中横轧变形量对其组织和性能的影响.结果表明:当横轧变形量逐渐增至80%时,铝合金板材中过剩结晶相粒子沿宽度方向的流线型分布特征逐渐增强,椭饼状晶粒逐渐细化;板材的强度无明显变化,延伸率先增大后基本不变;交叉轧制显著改善铝合金的疲劳性能.当横轧变形量为40%时,短流程工艺和常规工艺制备的铝合金板材的疲劳寿命最长,分别为7.1×10⁶次循环和6.6×10⁶次循环,比全纵轧制备的板材的疲劳寿命分别延长了8.1倍和9.3倍;铸锭直接热轧的短流程工艺有利于改善7075铝合金板材的延伸率和疲劳性能.

关键词: 7075-T6铝合金板材, 过剩结晶相粒子, 交叉轧制, 横轧变形量, 疲劳性能

Abstract:

The 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheets prepared by short flow process and conventional process were studied， and the influence of transverse rolling deformation in alternately rolling on the microstructure and performance of the alloy sheets was analyzed. The results show that as the transverse rolling deformation increases to 80% gradually， the streamline distribution characteristics of excess crystalline particles along the width direction of the alloy sheets strengthen， and the elliptical grains get finer. There is little change in the strength of the alloy sheets， and the elongation rate first increases and then remains unchanged. Alternately， rolling significantly improves the fatigue performance of aluminum alloy. When the transverse rolling deformation is 40%， the fatigue life of alloy sheets prepared by short flow process and conventional process is the longest， with 7.1×10⁶ cycles and 6.6×10⁶ cycles， respectively， which are 8.1 times and 9.3 times longer than that of sheets prepared by full longitudinal rolling process. The short flow process of ingots for direct hot rolling is beneficial for improving the elongation rate and fatigue performance of 7075 aluminum alloy sheets.

Key words: 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheet, excess crystalline particle, alternately rolling, transverse rolling deformation, fatigue performance

中图分类号:

TG 142.1

田妮, 张志森, 张沛鸿, 张天祥. 横轧变形量对7075-T6铝合金板材组织与性能的影响[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(8): 140-148.

Ni TIAN, Zhi-sen ZHANG, Pei-hong ZHANG, Tian-xiang ZHANG. Effect of Transverse Rolling Deformation on Microstructure and Performance of 7075-T6 Aluminum Alloy Sheets[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(8): 140-148.

图/表 12

表1 7075铝合金铸锭的轧制工艺

Table 1 Rolling processes of 7075 aluminum alloy ingot

热轧方式	每道次板材厚度/mm
全纵轧	纵轧55→48→40→33→27→24→20→15→11→8→5→3
变形量为27%横轧后再纵轧	横轧55→48→40 纵轧40→33→27→24→20→15→11→8→5→3
变形量为40%横轧后再纵轧	横轧55→48→40→33 纵轧33→27→24→20→15→11→8→5→3
变形量为56%横轧后再纵轧	横轧55→48→40→33→27→24 纵轧24→20→15→11→8→5→3
变形量为80%横轧后再纵轧	横轧55→48→40→33→27→24→20→15→11 纵轧11→8→5→3

图1 拉伸和疲劳试样尺寸图(单位：mm)

Fig.1 Dimensional drawing of specimens for tensile and fatigue tests (unit:mm)

图2 两种工艺制备的7075-T6铝合金板材OM像(板面未腐刻)（a）（f）—全纵轧；（b）（g）—27%横轧再纵轧；（c）（h）—40%横轧再纵轧；（d）（i）—56%横轧再纵轧；（e）（j）—80%横轧再纵轧.

Fig.2 OM images of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheets prepared by two processes (sheet surface, non-etched)

图3 常规工艺制备的7075-T6铝合金板材(横轧变形量为40%)SEM图像及面扫描分析结果

Fig.3 SEM and mapping analysis of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheets (40% transverse rolling deformation) prepared by conventional process

图4 两种工艺制备的7075-T6铝合金板材中心层晶粒OM像(纵截面)（a）（f）—全纵轧；（b）（g）—27%横轧再纵轧；（c）（h）—40%横轧再纵轧；（d）（i）—56%横轧再纵轧；（e）（j）—80%横轧再纵轧.

Fig.4 OM images of grains in central layer of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheets prepared by two processes(longitudinal section)

图5 两种工艺制备的7075-T6铝合金板材中弥散相粒子的TEM明场像（a）（c）—全纵轧；（b）（d）—80%横轧再纵轧.

Fig.5 TEM bright-field images of dispersed particles in 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheets prepared by twoprocesses

图6 常规工艺制备的7075-T6铝合金板材(全纵轧)中弥散相粒子的TEM明场像及EDS分析结果

Fig.6 TEM bright-field image and EDS analysis results of dispersed particles in 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheets prepared by conventional process (full longitudinal rolling)

图7 两种工艺制备的7075-T6铝合金板材中析出相粒子的TEM明场像及沿α-Al的[110]晶带轴的选区电子衍射花样（a）（b）（e）（f）—全纵轧；（c）（d）（g）（h）—80%横轧再纵轧.

Fig.7 TEM bright-field images of precipitated particles in 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheets prepared by twoprocesses and electron diffraction patterns of selected area along α-Al [110] zone axis

图8 两种工艺制备的7075-T6铝合金板材的拉伸性能

Fig.8 Tensile performance of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheets prepared by two processes

图9 两种工艺制备的7075-T6铝合金板材的疲劳寿命

Fig.9 Fatigue life of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheets prepared by two processes

图10 两种工艺制备的7075-T6铝合金板材疲劳断口裂纹源的SEM像（a）（f）—全纵轧；（b）（g）—27%横轧再纵轧；（c）（h）—40%横轧再纵轧；（d）（i）—56%横轧再纵轧；（e）（j）—80%横轧再纵轧.

Fig.10 SEM images of fatigue crack sources of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheets prepared by two processes

图11 两种工艺制备的7075-T6铝合金板材疲劳断口裂纹扩展区的SEM像（a）~（d）—全纵轧；（e）~（h）—27%横轧再纵轧；（i）~（l）—40%横轧再纵轧；（m）~（p）—56%横轧再纵轧；（q）~（t）—80%横轧再纵轧.

Fig.11 SEM images of fatigue crack propagation zone of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheets prepared bytwo processes

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