东北大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 57-76.DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20240202

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

热力学远平衡条件下制备金属新材料

李松, 于艺弘, 秦高梧   

  1. 东北大学 材料科学与工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-04 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-11-24
  • 通讯作者: 李松
  • 作者简介:李 松(1979—),男,山东济宁人,东北大学教授,博士生导师
    秦高梧(1970—),男,江苏盐城人,东北大学教授,博士生导师.
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB3812903);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(N2202012)

Fabricating Novel Metallic Materials Under Thermodynamic Far-from-Equilibrium Conditions

Song LI, Yi-hong YU, Gao-wu QIN   

  1. School of Materials Science & Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China.
  • Received:2024-11-04 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-11-24
  • Contact: Song LI

摘要:

传统金属材料的制备大都在近热力学平衡条件下进行,制备过程存在多个耦合的子过程限制了结构调控的空间.在时空维度上精确调控系统热力学参量,使材料体系处于远平衡区,有望通过动力学解耦子过程获得超越平衡相图预测范围的独特成分和微观结构,开辟材料制备的新路径.基于这一原理,研究者已成功开发了超快热处理、焦耳热制备、碳热冲击等远平衡制备技术,借此发现了多种具有优异性能的新型金属结构材料或功能材料.围绕远平衡金属材料制备的原理和策略,重点阐述从时间和空间上控制热力学条件的方法,深入探讨其在新材料开发中的应用前景,不仅深化了对非平衡过程本质的认识,也为突破传统材料性能极限提供了创新性的设计思路.

关键词: 非平衡态, 热力学远平衡, 动力学路径, 超快速合成, 新材料

Abstract:

The preparation of traditional metallic materials is mostly carried out under near-thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, where the interplay of multiple coupled sub-processes within the material limits the formation of ideal microstructures. By precisely regulating the rapid evolution of system thermodynamic parameters across the spatiotemporal dimensions, the material systems can be driven far from thermodynamic equilibrium. This dynamic decoupling of sub-processes enables novel pathways for the evolution of material composition and structure, facilitating the realization of unique microstructures and compositions that transcend the predictions of equilibrium phase diagrams. Guided by this principle, researchers have successfully developed far-from-equilibrium preparation techniques, such as ultrafast heat treatment, Joule heating preparation, and carbothermal shock. These methods have led to the discovery of various novel metallic materials with excellent properties. Principles and strategies for far-from-equilibrium metal material fabrication, focusing on the methods of controlling thermodynamic conditions in spatiotemporal dimensions. Furthermore, it delves into the application prospects of these techniques in the development of new materials, not only deepening the understanding of the nature of non-equilibrium processes but also providing innovative design paradigms for surpassing the performance boundaries of conventional materials.

Key words: non-equilibrium state, thermodynamic far-from-equilibrium, dynamic pathway, ultra-fast synthesis, new materials

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