东北大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 32-40.DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20250074

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

高抗电弧银基电接触材料增强相研究进展

孙旭东1, 刘彬2, 林智杰1,2   

  1. 1.东北大学 材料科学与工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819
    2.福建理工大学 材料科学与工程学院,福建 福州 350118
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-27 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-11-24
  • 通讯作者: 林智杰
  • 作者简介:孙旭东(1961—),男,辽宁磐石人,东北大学教授,博士生导师
    林智杰(1990—),男,福建宁德人,福建理工大学教授.
  • 基金资助:
    云南贵金属实验室科技计划项目(YPML02-240502026)

Research Progress on Reinforcing Phases of High Arc Resistance Silver-Based Electrical Contact Materials

Xu-dong SUN1, Bin LIU2, Zhi-jie LIN1,2   

  1. 1.School of Materials Science & Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China
    2.School of Materials Science and Engineering,Fujian University of Technology,Fuzhou 350118,China.
  • Received:2025-06-27 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-11-24
  • Contact: Zhi-jie LIN

摘要:

银基电接触材料的抗电弧性能直接关系到电气可靠性.本文从被动和主动抗电弧两个角度,综述了银基电接触材料的抗电弧性能研究进展.在被动抗电弧方面,详细探讨了增强相的熔池润湿性改善、几何形状调控以及高导热导电陶瓷的应用.通过添加改善熔池润湿性的组元,以及采用纳米多孔结构、夹心结构等特殊几何形状的增强相可有效提升银基电接触材料的抗电弧性能.此外,高导热导电陶瓷的加入也为材料的抗电弧能力提供了新的思路.在主动抗电弧方面,分析了高耐压增强相、熔解断弧增强相、气化灭弧增强相以及固态相变灭弧增强相的作用机制.在智能化、电气化和大功率化发展的背景下,唯有协同提高主动与被动抗电弧作用,才能满足日益复杂的工况要求,这也将是未来电接触材料发展的重要方向.

关键词: 银基电接触材料, 抗电弧性能, 主动抗电弧, 被动抗电弧

Abstract:

The arc resistance of silver-based electrical contact materials is directly related to electrical reliability. This paper reviews the research progress of the arc resistance of silver-based electrical contact materials from two perspectives: passive and active arc resistance. In terms of passive arc resistance, the improvement of the melt pool wettability of the reinforcements, the regulation of geometric shapes, and the application of high thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity ceramics are discussed in detail. The addition of components that improve the melt pool wettability and the use of reinforcements with special geometric shapes, such as nanoporous structures and sandwich structures, have effectively enhanced the arc resistance of silver-based electrical contact materials. Moreover, the incorporation of high thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity ceramics has provided new insights into the arc resistance of these materials. Regarding active arc resistance, the mechanisms of high voltage-resistant reinforcements, dissolving arc interruption reinforcements, vaporizing arc quenching reinforcements, and solid-state phase transformation arc quenching reinforcements are analyzed. Under the development trends of intelligence, electrification, and high power, only by synergistically improving both active and passive arc resistance can the increasingly complex working conditions be met, which is an important direction for the future development of electrical contact materials.

Key words: silver-based electrical contact materials, arc resistance performance, active arc resistance, passive arc resistance

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