碳素材料粉尘着火爆炸实验研究

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2023.02.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确碳素材料的粉尘爆炸危险性，依据3种标准研究了6种碳素材料的可爆性.根据VDI 2263-1—1990低碳土状石墨、色素炭黑和导电炭黑为可爆粉尘，低碳鳞片石墨、高碳鳞片石墨、高碳土状石墨为不可爆粉尘.根据ASTM E 1226和GB/T 16425—2018，6种试样均为可爆粉尘.进一步测试了各样品的着火敏感特性:依据现有测试标准，6种粉样的粉尘云均未着火，但导电炭黑和色素炭黑的粉尘层在450℃时发生了着火；利用TG-DSC方法发现高碳鳞片石墨、高碳土状石墨和导电炭黑在空气氛围中发生了氧化放热反应，起始温度分别为770，680，500℃.石墨和炭黑的可爆性取决于点火能量，超过10kJ时均会爆炸；石墨和炭黑粉尘的着火敏感性很低，仍具有一定的着火危险性.

关键词: 碳素材料；粉尘爆炸危险性；可爆性；敏感度特性；点火能量

Abstract: In order to clarify the dust explosion hazard of carbon materials， the explosiveness of 6 kinds of carbon dust materials was studied according to 3 standards. According to VDI 2263-1—1990， the low-carbon earthy graphite， the pigment carbon black and the conductive carbon black are explosive dust， low-carbon flake graphite， high-carbon flake graphite， and high-carbon earthy graphite are non-explosive dust. According to ASTM E 1226 and GB/T 16425—2018， all the 6 kinds of samples are explosive. The sensitivity characteristics of various samples were tested according to the existing test standards， the 6 types of powder dust clouds was not fired，but the dust layer of conducting charcoal black and pigment charcoal black fired at 450℃. By using the TG-DSC method ， it is found that high-carbon flake graphite， high-carbon earthy graphite and conductive carbon black experienced an oxidative exothermic reaction in the air atmosphere， with a starting temperature of 770， 680， 500℃ respectively. The explosiveness of graphite and carbon black depend on the ignition energy， and explosion will occur if it exceeds 10kJ. Although the fire sensitivity of graphite and carbon black dust is very low， there still exists fire risk.

Key words: carbon material; dust explosion hazard; explosibility; sensitivity characteristics; ignition energy

中图分类号:

X932

李刚，刘宗阳，常伟达，张晓宇. 碳素材料粉尘着火爆炸实验研究[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 44(2): 298-304.

LI Gang， LIU Zong-yang， CHANG Wei-da， ZHANG Xiao-yu. Experimental Study on Ignition and Explosion of Carbon Material Dust[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2023, 44(2): 298-304.

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