东北大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 104-110.DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230266

• 机械工程 • 上一篇    

光学自由曲面铣床重力/惯性力误差补偿

李奇(), 张超, 于天彪, 王宛山   

  1. 东北大学 机械工程与自动化学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-24 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 李奇
  • 作者简介:李 奇(1986—),男,吉林四平人,东北大学博士研究生
    于天彪(1968—),男,吉林长春人,东北大学教授,博士生导师.
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0701201)

Gravity/Inertia Force Error Compensation for Optical Free-Form Surface Milling Machines

Qi LI(), Chao ZHANG, Tian-biao YU, Wan-shan WANG   

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China.
  • Received:2023-09-24 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-05-20
  • Contact: Qi LI

摘要:

为了提高光学自由曲面的加工精度,针对传统机床在热和力方面的不足,构建了一种新的五轴机床拓扑结构,该拓扑结构可以有效减少热变形对机床精度的影响,并提出了重力/惯性力误差同步补偿方法.基于所建立的误差补偿模型对不同误差补偿方法的误差补偿效果进行了比较研究.结果表明,重力平衡结合力学分流立柱可以提高铣床精度,变力(variable force,VF)的误差补偿效果显著优于定力(constant force,CF),二维运动重力平衡(two-dimensional motion gravity balance,TMGB)的误差补偿效果显著优于固定重力平衡(fixed gravity balance,FGB).最差的补偿方法为固定重力平衡结合定力,最好的补偿方法为二维运动重力平衡结合变力.固定重力平衡结合变力与二维运动重力平衡结合定力在不同条件下各有优缺点.

关键词: 光学自由曲面, 热误差, 惯性力误差, 重力误差, 误差补偿, 误差预防

Abstract:

In order to improve the machining accuracy of optical free-form surfaces, given the shortcomings of traditional machine tools in heat and force, a new five-axis machine tool topology is constructed, which can effectively reduce the influence of thermal deformation on the accuracy of machine tools, and a synchronous compensation method of gravity/inertial force error is proposed. The error compensation effect of different error compensation methods are compared and analyzed. The results show that the accuracy of milling machines can be greatly improved by using gravity balance combined with mechanical shunt column, and the error compensation effect of variable force (VF) is significantly better than that of constant force (CF), the error compensation effect of two-dimensional motion gravity balance (TMGB) is significantly better than that of fixed gravity balance (FGB). The worst compensation method is FGB combined with CF, while the best compensation method is TMGB combined with VF. The combination of FGB combined with VF and TMGB combined with CF have their own advantages and disadvantages under different conditions.

Key words: optical free-form surface, thermal error, inertia force error, gravity error, error compensation, error prevention

中图分类号: