激光热辅助渗碳磨削20CrMnTi表面强化机理

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230299

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

具有高耐磨性20CrMnTi钢在轴类、齿轮等核心零部件制造业中有重要需求.现有的表面加工与强化方法很难兼顾生产效率与能耗.将激光微渗碳与磨粒加工技术结合，提出一种高效、可控的20CrMnTi表面加工强化一体化制造方法——激光热辅助渗碳磨削.在自动平面磨床上进行激光热辅助渗碳磨削试验，利用金相显微镜和X射线衍射仪等分析激光热辅助作用下强化表面的创成机理.同时，进行摩擦磨损试验并检测强化表面的力学性能.结果表明，激光热辅助渗碳磨削20CrMnTi表面硬度可达550 HV及以上，磨损损失率降至基体的50%.具有相位差的磨削热回火作用使强化相趋于均匀化，析出粒状碳化物，实现弥漫性强化，所提方法可助力并实现低碳钢表面高性能制造.

关键词: 20CrMnTi, 激光热辅助渗碳磨削, 耐磨性, 表面硬度, 回火作用

Abstract:

The surface of 20CrMnTi steel with high abrasion resistance has great demands in the manufacturing of core components such as shafts and gears. However， it is hard for the existing surface finishing and strengthening methods to balance productivity and energy consumption. Combining laser micro-carburizing and abrasive processing technology， an efficient and controllable integrated manufacturing method for surface machining and strengthening of 20CrMnTi was proposed： laser heat-assisted carburizing grinding. A series of laser heat-assisted carburizing grinding tests were carried out on an automatic surface grinding machine， and the creation mechanism of enhanced surfaces under laser heat-assistance was analyzed by the metallographic microscope and X-ray diffractometer， etc. At the same time， friction and wear tests were carried out and the mechanical properties of the strengthened surface were tested. The results showed that the surface hardness of laser heat-assisted carburizing 20CrMnTi can reach 550 HV and above， and the wear loss rate is reduced to 50% of the matrix. The grinding heat tempering with phase difference tends to homogenize the strengthening phase， precipitate granular carbides， and achieve diffuse strengthening. The proposed method can help and realize the high-performance manufacturing of low-carbon steel surfaces.

Key words: 20CrMnTi, laser heat-assisted carburizing grinding, abrasion resistance, surface hardness, tempering

中图分类号:

TH 161

张贺, 梁超杰, 孙聪. 激光热辅助渗碳磨削20CrMnTi表面强化机理[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(5): 54-61.

He ZHANG, Chao-jie LIANG, Cong SUN. Surface Strengthening Mechanism of Laser Heat-Assisted Carburizing Grinding of 20CrMnTi[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(5): 54-61.

图/表 11

图1 试验设备及材料（a）—激光辅助渗碳磨削试验平台；（b）—固定方法及动态测量装置；（c）—20CrMnTi的原始显微结构；（d）—工件的制备.

Fig.1 Experimental equipment and materials

表1 试验项目和磨削参数

Table 1 Experimental items and grinding parameters

组别	激光功率/(J·s^-1)	磨削深度/mm	砂轮粒径	磨削宽度/mm	砂轮直径/mm
1	200	0.06
2	300	0.06
3	400	0.06	F60	16	210
4	300	0.04
5	300	0.02

图2 试验样品的制备和测试

Fig.2 Preparation and testing of the experimental samples

表2 摩擦磨损参数

Table 2 Friction and wear parameters

机器型号	测试负载/N	主轴频率/Hz	往复距离/mm	时间
机器型号	测试负载/N	主轴频率/Hz	往复距离/mm	min
HSR-2M	30	4	5	20

图3 动态磨削力测量结果（a）—切向磨削力Fx 的结果；（b）—切向磨削力Fx 的最大值和平均值统计结果；（c）—法向磨削力Fz 的结果；（d）—法向磨削力Fz 的最大值和平均值统计结果.

Fig.3 Measurement results of the dynamic grinding force

图4 磨削温度测量结果

Fig.4 Measurement results of the grinding temperature

图5 试验样品的XRD谱（a）—激光辅助磨削；（b）—激光辅助渗碳磨削.

Fig.5 XRD pattern of the experimental sample

图6 截面的金相特征（a）~（c）—B区域的加工表面的金相图及其局部放大；（d）~（f）—A区域的加工表面的金相图及其局部放大.

Fig.6 Metallographic characterization of the cross sections

图7 加工区域显微硬度（a）—磨削表面硬度统计结果；（b）~（f）—1~5组沿深度方向的硬度变化.

Fig.7 Micro-hardness of the machining area

图8 摩擦磨损试验结果统计（a）—磨损损失和磨损率；（b）~（f）—1~5组试验在干摩擦条件下的摩擦系数.

Fig.8 Statistics of the friction and wear test results

图9 磨痕分析（a）—磨损表面三维形貌；（b）—磨痕轮廓曲线；（c）—平均磨痕深度；（d）—平均磨痕宽度.

Fig.9 Wear trace analysis

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