二次碳化物特征调控及其对高碳高合金马氏体钢耐磨性的影响

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2024.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

二次碳化物的尺寸、含量对高碳高合金马氏体钢的力学性能及耐磨性有着重要影响.本文采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和磨粒磨损实验等手段，研究了高碳高合金马氏体钢锻造及球化退火过程中二次碳化物的演变行为及其对高碳高合金马氏体钢力学性能及耐磨性的影响.结果表明：球化退火显著增加了锻造空冷态实验钢中二次碳化物的含量及尺寸；在奥氏体化过程中，二次碳化物通过钉扎晶界显著细化了奥氏体晶粒，同时二次碳化物的存在降低了马氏体中合金元素固溶量，进而有效提升了实验钢的冲击韧性.高硬度的微米级二次碳化物配合高韧性马氏体基体可有效阻碍磨粒切削并减轻磨损表面的微观断裂，进而提升实验钢的耐磨性.

关键词: 高碳高合金马氏体钢, 二次碳化物, 硬度, 冲击韧性, 耐磨性

Abstract:

The size and content of secondary carbide have an important effect on the mechanical properties and wear resistance of high carbon high alloy martensitic steel. In this paper， the evolution behavior of secondary carbide during forging and spheroidizing annealing process were studied by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope， and its effects on mechanical properties and wear resistance of high carbon high alloy martensitic steel were also studied with abrasion wear testing machine. The results show that spheroidizing annealing significantly increases the content and size of secondary carbide in forged and air?cooled steel. The secondary carbide refine the austenite grain size by pinning grain boundary and reduce the solid solution content of alloying elements in martensite， which effectively improves the impact toughness of experimental steel. The micron?sized secondary carbide and ductile martensite matrix hinder abrasive cutting and reduce the microscopic fracture on worn surface effectively， which improves the wear resistance of experimental steel.

Key words: high carbon high alloy martensitic steel, secondary carbide, hardness, impact toughness, wear resistance

中图分类号:

TG 142.1

蒋金哲, 刘越, 刘春明. 二次碳化物特征调控及其对高碳高合金马氏体钢耐磨性的影响[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 45(4): 490-498.

Jin-zhe JIANG, Yue LIU, Chun-ming LIU. Regulation of Secondary Carbide Characteristics and Its Effect on Wear Resistance of High Carbon High Alloy Martensitic Steel[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2024, 45(4): 490-498.

图/表 14

表1 实验钢化学成分（质量分数） (%)

Table 1 Chemical composition of experimental steel(mass fraction)

C	Si	Mn	Cr	Mo	V	Ni	W	Nb	P	S
0.85	0.90	0.43	6.76	1.82	0.30	0.85	0.35	0.25	0.005	0.02

图1 球化退火及淬回火处理工艺（a）—球化退火；（b）—淬回火处理.

Fig.1 Process of spheroidizing annealing and quenching and tempering treatments

图2 锻造后S1实验钢的SEM照片（a）—低倍SEM组织；（b）—图2a中方框位置处的高倍SEM组织.

Fig.2 SEM images of experimental steel S1 after hot forging

图3 球化退火后实验钢的SEM照片（a）—低倍SEM组织；（b）—图3a中方框位置处的高位SEM组织.

Fig.3 SEM images of the experimental steel after spheroidizing annealing

图4 S2实验钢中二次碳化物的TEM图像及EDS能谱图（a）—TEM；（b）—EDS.

Fig.4 TEM image and EDS energy spectrum of secondary carbide in experimental steel S2

图5 实验钢的CCT曲线

Fig.5 CCT curves of experimental steel

图6 1 025 °C淬火后实验钢的SEM照片（a）—S1实验钢；（b）—S2实验钢.

Fig.6 SEM images of experimental steels after quenched at 1 025 °C

图7 550 °C回火后实验钢的SEM照片（a）—S1实验钢；（b）—S2实验钢.

Fig.7 SEM images of experimental steels after tempered at 550 °C

图8 奥氏体化前后实验钢中二次碳化物体积分数及平均尺寸（a）—二次碳化物体积分数；（b）—二次碳化物平均尺寸.

Fig.8 Volume fraction and average size of secondary carbide in experimental steels before and after austenitizing

图9 通过JmatPro软件模拟计算出的850 °C保温4 h、1 025 °C保温1.5 h后实验钢中各物相体积分数（a）—850 °C保温4 h；（b）—1 025 °C保温1.5 h.

Fig.9 Phase volume fractions in experimental steels held at 850 °C for 4 h and 1 025 °C for 1.5 h respectively calculated with JmatPro software

图10 S1与S2实验钢淬火及回火后XRD图（a）—淬火试样；（b）—回火试样.

Fig.10 XRD patterns of S1 and S2 experimental steels after quenching and tempering

图11 S1与S2实验钢热处理后的硬度与冲击功

Fig.11 Hardness and impact energy of S1 and S2 experimental steels after heat treatment

图12 S1和S2实验钢的磨损失重及摩擦系数（a）—磨损失重；（b）—摩擦系数.

Fig.12 Weight loss and friction coefficient of S1 and S2 experimental steels

图13 磨损表面形貌SEM照片（a）—S1实验钢；（b）—S2实验钢.

Fig.13 SEM images of worn surface morphology

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