置换通风对局部排风的影响及通风效率分析

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20240066

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

置换通风与移动式局部排风耦合的方式可改善大空间厂房非固定点位焊接烟尘的控制效果，但通风参数对控制效果的影响尚需明确.本文通过数值模拟，探讨了局部排风罩口至焊接点距离、罩口风速、焊接点与置换送风口的相对位置等参数变化时，置换通风送风速度、角度对局部排风罩烟尘捕集效率的影响，并分析了耦合通风效率.结果表明，送风角度为0°（水平）时，置换送风速度越大对局部排风影响越大；局部排风罩口速度越大，距焊点越近，烟尘捕集效率受置换通风影响越小.焊接点距送风口越近，局部排风受置换通风的影响越大，增大送风角度可减弱影响.耦合通风效率高于单一置换通风效率，在15 min内可稳定到80%.研究结果可为耦合通风系统设计和管理提供依据.

关键词: 烟尘控制, 置换通风, 局部排风, 耦合通风, 通风效率

Abstract:

The method of coupling displacement ventilation and mobile local exhaust ventilation can improve the control effect of welding fume generated at non-fixed points in a large-space workshop， but the influence of ventilation parameters on the control effect still needs to be clarified. The effects of air supply velocity and angle during displacement ventilation on the fume capture efficiency of the local exhaust hood were explored when parameters such as distance between local exhaust hood opening and welding point， air velocity at hood opening， and relative position between welding point and air supply outlet during displacement ventilation changed， and the coupled ventilation efficiency was analyzed. The results show that when the air supply angle is 0° （horizontal）， a higher air supply velocity during displacement ventilation has a greater impact on the local exhaust ventilation. A higher air supply velocity at the local exhaust hood opening and a closer distance from the hood opening to the welding point mean that its fume capture efficiency is less affected by displacement ventilation. A closer distance from the welding point to the air supply outlet during displacement ventilation indicates a greater impact of displacement ventilation on local exhaust ventilation. Increasing the air supply angle can weaken the impact. The efficiency of coupled ventilation is higher than that of single displacement ventilation， which can be stabilized to 80% within 15 min. Research results can provide a basis for the design and management of the coupled ventilation system.

Key words: fume control, displacement ventilation, local exhaust ventilation, coupled ventilation, ventilation efficiency

中图分类号:

X 962

林秀丽, 周雨虹, 柳静献. 置换通风对局部排风的影响及通风效率分析[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(10): 113-122.

Xiu-li LIN, Yu-hong ZHOU, Jing-xian LIU. Influence of Displacement Ventilation on Local Exhaust Ventilation and Analysis of Ventilation Efficiency[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(10): 113-122.

图/表 19

图1 置换通风与局部排风耦合原理示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of coupling principle between displacement ventilation and local exhaust ventilation

图2 厂房几何模型

Fig.2 Geometric model of workshop

表1 边界条件及参数设置

Table 1 Boundary conditions and parameters setting

区域	边界类型	边界参数设置
		速度	温度	离散相
		m·s^-1	K	离散相
置换送风口	速度入口	0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0	300	逃逸
回风口	自由出口	—	—	逃逸
排风罩抽风口	速度入口	15, 20, 25	300	逃逸
排风罩罩口	内部界面	—	—	—
焊接热源	速度入口	0.5	1 500	逃逸
其他壁面	壁面	—	—	捕集

图3 网格划分（a）—置换送风口面；（b）—局部排风罩面；（c）—局部排风罩体.

Fig.3 Mesh dividing

图4 网格独立性检验

Fig.4 Mesh independence test

图5 现场测点布置示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of field measurement point arrangement

图6 模拟有效性验证

Fig.6 Simulation validity verification

图7 不同置换风速条件下厂房通风效率

Fig.7 Ventilation efficiency of workshop under different air supply velocities

图8 不同置换风速条件下Y=6 m平面烟尘质量浓度分布云图（a）—置换风速0.5 m/s；（b）—置换风速1.0 m/s；（c）—置换风速1.5 m/s；（d）—置换风速2.0 m/s.

Fig.8 Cloud map of fume concentration distribution in Y=6 m plane under different air supply velocities

图9 不同置换风速条件下监测线烟尘质量浓度分布

Fig.9 Fume concentration distribution in monitoring line under different air supply velocities

图10 罩口至污染源距离对局部排风罩效率的影响

Fig.10 Influence of distance between hood opening and pollution source on efficiency of local exhaust hood

图11 罩口风速对局部排风罩效率的影响

Fig.11 Influence of air supply velocity at hood opening on efficiency of local exhaust hood

图12 焊台纵向位置对局部排风罩效率的影响

Fig.12 Influence of longitudinal position of solder station on efficiency of local exhaust hood

图13 焊台横向位置对局部排风罩效率的影响

Fig.13 Influence of lateral position of solder station on efficiency of local exhaust hood

图14 送风角度对局部排风罩效率的影响

Fig.14 Influence of air supply angle on efficiency of local exhaust hood

表2 工况设置

Table 2 Cases setting

工况	置换风速/(m·s^-1)	排风罩抽风口风速/(m·s^-1)	送风角度/(°)
1	0.5	25	75
2	1.0	25	75
3	1.5	25	75
4	2.0	25	75

图15 不同工况下厂房耦合通风效率

Fig.15 Coupled ventilation efficiency of workshop under different cases

图16 不同工况下Y=6 m平面烟尘质量浓度分布云图（a）—v=0.5 m/s；（b）—v=1.0 m/s；（c）—v=1.5 m/s；（d）—v=2.0 m/s.

Fig.16 Cloud map of fume concentration distribution in Y=6 m plane under different cases

图17 不同工况下监测线烟尘质量浓度分布

Fig.17 Fume concentration distribution in monitoring line under different cases

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