东北大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2012, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (6): 471-1088.DOI: -

• 科技哲学研究 •    下一篇

论西方近代科学共同体的兴起

韩彩英   

  1. (山西大学外国语学院,山西太原030006)
  • 收稿日期:2012-04-10 修回日期:2012-04-10 出版日期:2012-11-25 发布日期:2015-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 韩彩英
  • 作者简介:韩彩英(1964-),女,山西太谷人,山西大学教授,哲学博士,主要从事科学哲学、科学文化史与语言哲学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金资助项目(12YJA720006)。

On the Rise of Modern Western Scientific Community

HAN Cai-ying   

  1. (School of Foreign Languages, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China)
  • Received:2012-04-10 Revised:2012-04-10 Online:2012-11-25 Published:2015-11-10
  • Contact: -
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摘要: 中世纪大学培育了西方学术活动的自由意识和宽容意识的社会文化氛围。17世纪时,关于自然的学术研究活动发生了根本性变化,自然科学研究由个人事业或兼业向社会事业和专门职业转变。从1560年创立的那不勒斯“自然秘密研究会”,到17世纪40年代成立的英国“哲学学会”,开启了科学共同体的制度化时代。伦敦皇家学会和巴黎科学院等综合研究机构,以及天文台等专门研究机构在欧美的普遍建立,奠定了科学共同体制度化的基本格局。在这一转变中,国家以及各种社会力量的物质支持至关重要。

关键词: 社会文化氛围, 自由主义, 科学共同体, 制度化

Abstract: The medieval universities fostered a social and cultural atmosphere for the consciousness of freedom and tolerance of Western scholarly ctivities. In the 17th century, research activities on nature underwent a fundamental change: research on nature turned from an individual cause or an adjunct to a social cause and a profession. The Naples “Research Society on the Secrets of Nature” set up in 1560 and the English “Philosophy Society” founded in the 1640s ushered in the era of the institutionalization of scientific community. Such integrated research institutions as the Royal Society and the Paris Academy of Sciences, as well as the foundation of special research institutions like observatories in Europe and the United States, constituted the basic pattern of the institutionalization of scientific community. In the process of such transformation, the material support for research from governments and various social forces played a crucial role.

Key words: social and cultural atmosphere, liberalism, scientific community, institutionalization

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