Abstract: The construction of the female's identity is not an isolated process; it's achieved in the female's conflict and coordination with survival dilemmas. The conflict between the female and the survival dilemma is the main content of Roughing It in the Bush， which is also Susanna Moodie's courageous attempt in constructing the female's identity. In Roughing It in the Bush， Mrs. Moodie's self-awareness woke up in the conflict with the survival dilemma， including the conflicts between human and nature， between the individual and others， and between the individual and herself. What’s more， Mrs. Moodie's self-awareness promoted her to find out her own value， which finally led to the construction of her identity.

Key words: survival dilemma, self-awareness, identity construction, Roughing It in the Bush