Abstract: Based on the basic consensus and outstanding progress of today's biological individuality research， the pluralist perspective has shown the necessary theoretical advantages in contextualized， text-dependent， and interdisciplinary fields. However， in the face of new challenges brought by symbiosis and immunity studies， more fundamental issues call for new dimensions of understanding. Following Canguilhem's biophilosophy and his understanding of individuality， with relation to such issues as the values， entity standards and normativity of biological individuals and the concepts of life， his reintroducing meaning into the valued relationship between individuals and Umwelt， emphasizing the ontology of individuals in the holism and relations， and reshaping the understanding of ancient kinships between life and knowledge may provide profound insights into the understanding of individuality.

Key words: individuality, Georges Canguilhem, biophilosophy, life