东北大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (1): 1-6.DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2018.01.001

• 科技哲学研究 •    下一篇

人类增强的类型、范式与伦理争议

张灿1,2   

  1. (1.东南大学人文学院,江苏南京211189;2.中国矿业大学马克思主义学院,江苏徐州221116)
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-10 修回日期:2017-05-10 出版日期:2018-01-25 发布日期:2018-01-19
  • 通讯作者: 张灿
  • 作者简介:张灿(1986-),男,河南商丘人,东南大学博士后研究人员,中国矿业大学讲师,主要从事科技伦理与科技哲学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究资助项目(16YJC720024);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究资助项目(2016SJD720006);国家社会科学基金资助项目(16BZX025)。

Type, Paradigm and Ethical Dispute of Human Enhancement

ZHANG Can1,2   

  1. (1. School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; 2. School of Marxism, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China)
  • Received:2017-05-10 Revised:2017-05-10 Online:2018-01-25 Published:2018-01-19
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摘要: 新兴人类增强技术日益深入人身体内部,不断地建构和重塑人本身。支持者认为人类增强技术使得人成为强大的超人类;反对者则认为人终将成为弗兰肯斯坦式的怪兽。按照人类增强技术的目的不同,可以把人类增强分为四种:生理增强、认知增强、道德增强和复合增强。人类增强技术不断地挑战着传统二元对立的概念,例如身体与心灵、自然与人工、生命和非生命,且伴随着伦理争议,诸如治疗和增强、人的性质和尊严、道德自由和社会风险。对此争议具有不同的解释范式,生物医学范式聚焦于治疗和增强的界定;超人类范式的核心在于如何理解人;社会范式则更多地关注道德自由和社会风险。

关键词: 认知增强, 道德增强, 生物医学范式, 超人类范式

Abstract: Emerging human enhancement technologies are increasingly penetrating into the mankind's inner body, constantly building and reinventing human beings. Proponents argue that human enhancement technologies make human beings super-humans while opponents hold that man will eventually become Frankenstein. Human enhancement can be divided into four types: physiological enhancement, cognitive enhancement, moral enhancement and compound enhancement. Human enhancement technologies constantly challenge such traditional concepts as body/mind, natural/artificial and living/non-living, accompanied by ethical disputes including treatment and enhancement, human nature and dignity, moral freedom and social risk. There are different explanation paradigms for these disputes-the biomedical paradigm is focused on the definitions of treatment and enhancement, the transhumanism paradigm gives priority to how to understand the mankind while the social paradigm pays more attention to moral freedom and social risk.

Key words: cognitive enhancement, moral enhancement, biomedical paradigm, transhumanism paradigm

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