Abstract: To further studies on the key internal factors for government innovation helps to promote effective interaction between government innovation theories and practices. The internal subjects of government innovation， namely the public administration personnel and the ecological environment of government internal organizations， serve as the key internal factor for government innovation， which directly decide the success or failure of government innovation projects. In the process of government innovation， there exist such subject obstacles as identity， capability， motivation and interest conflict， and such ecological environment barriers as organizational structure， organizational climate and physical condition. In order to get out of the internal dilemma of government innovation， both the high push from the government and the active participation of administration personnel at the grassroots are needed. Moreover， it is necessary that the partnership of multiple administrative subjects should be established and an innovation-friendly environment should be created.

Key words: government innovation, internal factor, internal obstacle, innovative optimization