A Study on Nickles' View of Scientific Problems

doi:10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2018.05.002

Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science) ›› 2018, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (5): 447-453.DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2018.05.002

• Scientific and Technological Philosophy • Previous Articles Next Articles

A Study on Nickles' View of Scientific Problems

GU Yi¹， WU Hai-yan²

(1. School of Marxism， Jiangnan University， Wuxi 214122， China; 2. School of Marxism， Nanjing Xiaozhuang University， Nanjing 211171， China)

Received:2018-02-18 Revised:2018-02-18 Online:2018-09-25 Published:2018-09-25
Contact: -
About author:-
Supported by:
-

Abstract

Abstract: Thomas Nickles believes that philosophy of science should shift its focus from scientific theories to scientific problems; however， the empiricists' viewpoints of scientific problems cannot answer Meno paradox of problems， and the model of scientific problems by Karl Popper overlooks the more profound conceptual problem. Nickles proposes the constraint-inclusion modelof scientific problems， and solves the above-mentioned problem from the perspective of problem solving. He believes all the structural conditions that constrain problem solving define scientific problems， and by problem reduction， scientists can unceasingly search for more reasonable solutions in the process of defining problems more precisely. The conceptual problem of Nickles can be expanded to scientific problems of theories and concepts.

Key words: scientific problem, Thomas Nickles, constraint, conceptual problem, problem reduction

CLC Number:

N031

GU Yi， WU Hai-yan. A Study on Nickles' View of Scientific Problems[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science), 2018, 20(5): 447-453.

References

[1]卡尔·波普尔. 猜想与反驳［M］. 傅季重，纪树立，周昌忠，译. 上海: 上海译文出版社， 2005:184.
[2]艾尔伯特·爱因斯坦，利奥波德·英费尔德. 物理学的进化［M］. 周肇威，译. 长沙:湖南教育出版社， 1999:44.
[3]Nickles T. Scientific Problems and Constraints［J］. PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association， 1978(1):135-144.
[4]Hattiangadi J N. The Structure of Problems， Part I［J］. Philosophy of the Social Sciences， 1978(4):352.
[5]柏拉图. 柏拉图全集(第1卷)［M］. 王晓朝，译. 北京:人民出版社， 2002:506.
[6]Nickles T. Evolutionary Models of Innovation and the Meno Problem［M］∥Shavinina L V. The International Handbook on Innovation. Oxford: Elsevier Science， 2003:56-57.
[7]Nickles T. Questioning and Problems in Philosophy of Science: Problem-solving Versus Directly Truth-seeking Epistemologies［M］∥Meyer M. Questions and Questioning. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter， 1988:44.
[8]Toulmin S. Human Understanding［M］. Princeton: Princeton University Press， 1972: 102.
[9]Nickles T. Scientific Problems:Three Empiricist Models［J］. PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association， 1980(1):5-12.
[10]卡尔·G. 亨普尔. 自然科学的哲学［M］. 张华夏，译. 北京:中国人民大学出版社， 2006:21-22.
[11]Thomas Nickles. What Is a Problem That We May Solve It?［J］. Synthese， 1981(4):90-91.
[12]西蒙H A. 人类的认知——思维的信息加工理论［M］. 北京: 科学出版社， 1986:59.
[13]Jonassen D H. Instructional Design Models for Well-structured and Ill-structured Problem-solving Learning Outcomes［J］. Educational Technology Research and Development， 1997，45(1):80-83.
[14]Nickles T. Problem Reduction: Some Thoughts［J］. Cognitive Structures in Scientific Inquiry: Essays in Debate with Theo Kuipers， 2005，2:114-115.
[15]Nickles T. Theory Generalization， Problem Reduction and the Unity of Science［J］. PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association， 1974(1):38-40.
[16]拉里·劳丹. 进步性及其问题——科学增长理论刍议［M］. 方在庆，译. 上海:上海译文出版社， 1991.
[17]马雷. “概念问题”的问题［J］.科学技术与辩证法， 2003(4):30.
[18]马雷. 冲突与协调:科学合理性新论［M］. 北京:商务印书馆， 2008:81-87.

A Study on Nickles' View of Scientific Problems

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 4

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	CHEN Jun-long， LI Liang-zhe， ZHU Jing. The Analysis of Formation and Governance of Government Behavior and Excess Capacity——An Empirical Study Based on Industrial Panel Data from 2006 to 2016 [J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science), 2019, 21(4): 360-366.
[2]	YAO Hai-xin， WANG Yi-ying， WANG Shu-lin. Voluntary Information Disclosure of Intangible Assets， Financial Constraints and Underinvestment——An Empirical Study Based on Data from Chinese High and New Tech Listed Companies [J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science), 2018, 20(3): 239-246.
[3]	FAN Sheng-ran， CHEN Zhi-bin， SHEN Lei. Effect of Enterprises' Financial Flexible Policies on Innovation Efficiency ——Based on the Empirical Evidence in the Context of New Normal Economy [J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science), 2018, 20(1): 36-43.
[4]	CHEN Qian-qian， Zhang Yu-ming. Financial Constrains， R&D Investment and the Growth of SMEsBased on the Empirical Data of the PVAR Model [J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science), 2015, 17(4): 362-368.