自膨胀管缝锚杆力学性能现场试验研究

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2024.07.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

管缝锚杆的锚固力受管径差、岩体条件等因素影响，导致输出锚固力波动较大.自膨胀管缝锚杆可改善常规管缝锚杆的锚固性能，成倍提高锚杆的负载能力和吸能能力，但其在不同岩性区域和不同安装角度下的锚固力学特性尚不明确.采用锚杆智能拉拔测试系统，开展了在破碎软岩和完整硬岩两种极端工况下，不同安装角度和药卷长度对自膨胀管缝锚杆力学特性的影响规律研究.结果表明：锚杆锚固力与药卷长度线性正相关，围岩强度越高，锚固力增长速率越快；相同工况下，锚杆锚固力与安装角度正相关，垂直安装时锚固力最大，且围岩强度越低，锚固力受安装角度影响越大.在两种极端岩体条件下，与常规管缝锚杆相比，自膨胀管缝锚杆锚固力分别提高1.88倍和3.15倍，吸能能力分别提高143.7%和259.6%，在滑移变形的基础上显著提高锚固效果.

关键词: 自膨胀药卷, 锚固力, 安装角度, 吸能能力, 现场拉拔

Abstract:

The anchoring force of the split?set is affected by factors such as hole diameter difference and rock mass conditions， resulting in large fluctuations of the output anchoring force. The self?swelling split?set can improve the anchoring performance of the conventional split?set， and increase the load capacity and energy absorption capacity of the anchor. In this paper， the intelligent rockbolt pull?out test system is used to study the influence of different installation angles and roll lengths on the mechanical properties of self?swelling split?set under two extreme conditions： broken soft rock and intact hard rock. The results show that the anchoring force of the bolt is linearly and positively correlated with the length of the roll. The higher the strength of the surrounding rock， the faster the growth rate of the anchoring force. Under the same working condition， the anchoring force of the anchor is positively related to the installation angle， with the maximum anchoring force achieved when installed vertically. The lower the surrounding rock strength is， the greater the influence of the installation angle on the anchoring force is. Compared with conventional split?set， the self?swelling split?set can increase the anchoring force by 1.88 times and 3.15 times， and the energy absorption capacity by 143.7% and 259.6% under two extreme conditions， significantly improving the anchoring effect on the basis of sliding deformation.

Key words: self?swelling roll, anchoring force, installation angle, energy absorption capacity, pull?out on site

中图分类号:

TD 353

杨正明, 徐帅, 纪旭波, 王瑞强. 自膨胀管缝锚杆力学性能现场试验研究[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 45(7): 1020-1027.

Zheng-ming YANG, Shuai XU, Xu-bo JI, Rui-qiang WANG. Field Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Self-swelling Split-Set[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2024, 45(7): 1020-1027.

图/表 16

图1 自膨胀管缝锚杆结构示意图

Fig.1 Structural diagram of self?swelling split?set

表1 不同影响因素测试方案

Table 1 Test scheme of different influencing factors

影响因素	水平
药卷长度/cm	0，10，20，30，40
安装角度/（°）	30，45，60，90
岩石强度	破碎软岩、完整硬岩

表2 试验地点及其岩石力学参数

Table 2 Test site and rock mechanical parameters

试验地点	岩性	岩石单轴抗压强度/MPa	岩石内摩擦角/（°）	岩石内聚力/MPa	岩石弹性模量/GPa	泊松比
腊子沟矿区-175 m中段56线穿脉	煌斑岩	28.6	20	36.6	25.08	0.16
辽上矿区-9 m中段7线平巷	大理岩	133.0	36	23.6	42.73	0.12

图2 锚杆智能拉拔测试系统

Fig.2 Intelligent rockbolt pull?out test system

图3 现场管缝锚杆测试方法

Fig.3 Test method of split?set on site

图4 现场管缝锚杆安装测试过程（a）—凿岩钻孔；（b）—锚杆安装；（c）—装置安装；（d）—现场拉拔测试.

Fig.4 Installation and test process of split?set on site

图5 不同钻孔角度示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of different drilling angles

图6 辽上矿区不同装药长度现场拉拔测试结果

Fig.6 Field pull?out test results of different charge lengths in Liaoshang mining area

图7 辽上矿区不同药卷长度吸收能量

Fig.7 Absorbed energy of different roll lengths in Liaoshang mining area

图8 辽上矿区不同安装角度拉拔试验结果

Fig.8 Pull?out results of different installation angles in Liaoshang mining area

图9 腊子沟矿区不同药卷长度自膨胀管缝锚杆测试结果

Fig.9 Test results of self?swelling split?set with different roll lengths in Lazigou mining area

图10 腊子沟矿区不同药卷长度吸收能量统计

Fig.10 Statistics of absorbed energy of different roll lengths in Lazigou mining area

图11 腊子沟矿区不同安装角度拉拔试验结果

Fig.11 Pull?out results at different installation angles in Lazigou mining area

图12 不同药卷长度拉拔试验结果分析

Fig.12 Analysis of pull?out results with different roll lengths

图13 不同安装角度拉拔试验结果分析

Fig.13 Analysis of pull?out test results at different installation angles

图14 自膨胀管缝锚杆拉拔后现象

Fig.14 Phenomenon of self?swelling split?set

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