AZ31B镁合金近等温轧制过程中的热变形行为

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20240213

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究了AZ31B镁合金在轧制过程中轧制压下率与轧制温度对中心层瞬时温升（∆t₁）、轧后稳态温升（∆t₂）以及表面层瞬时温降（∆t₃）的影响.根据AZ31B板材的实测轧制温度数据对轧板近等温轧制状态进行了评定，并建立了对应的经验公式.结果表明：随着轧制压下率的增加，∆t₁和∆t₂逐渐增加，∆t₃先增加后减小，且∆t₁和∆t₂的变化随着轧制压下率的增加呈线性关系.此外，随着轧制温度的增加，∆t₁和∆t₂逐渐减小，∆t₃逐渐上升，∆t₁和∆t₂与轧制压下率之间线性关系曲线的斜率逐渐下降.根据经验公式获得的预测曲线趋势与实验数据较为吻合，证实了AZ31B镁合金近等温轧制的可行性.

关键词: AZ31B镁合金, 近等温轧制, 轧制温度, 轧制压下率, 热变形

Abstract:

The influence of rolling reduction ratio and rolling temperature on the instantaneous temperature rise in the central layer （∆t₁）， the steady-state temperature rise after rolling （∆t₂）， and the instantaneous temperature drop in the surface layer （∆t₃） of AZ31B magnesium alloy during the rolling process was investigated. The near-isothermal rolling state of the rolled slab was evaluated based on the measured rolling temperature data of AZ31B sheets， and the corresponding empirical formulas were established. The results show that ∆t₁ and ∆t₂ gradually increase with rolling reduction ratio increases， while ∆t₃ first increases and then decreases， and the changes in ∆t₁ and ∆t₂ show a linear relationship with the increase in rolling reduction ratio. In addition， as rolling temperature rises， ∆t₁ and ∆t₂ gradually decrease， and ∆t₃ gradually increases. Moreover， the slope of the linear relationship curve between ∆t₁， ∆t₂， and the rolling reduction ratio gradually decreases. The trend of the prediction curve obtained from the empirical formula is in good agreement with the experimental data， confirming the feasibility of near-isothermal rolling for AZ31B magnesium alloy.

Key words: AZ31B magnesium alloy, near-isothermal rolling, rolling temperature, rolling reduction ratio, thermal deformation

中图分类号:

TG 249.3

乐启炽, 周晨, 贾伟涛, 丁云鹏. AZ31B镁合金近等温轧制过程中的热变形行为[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(8): 124-132.

Qi-chi LE, Chen ZHOU, Wei-tao JIA, Yun-peng DING. Thermal Deformation Behavior of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy During Near-Isothermal Rolling[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(8): 124-132.

图/表 12

图1 轧制板坯制备流程

Fig.1 Preparation process of rolled slab

表1 AZ31B镁合金的实际成分（质量分数） (%)

Table 1 Actual compositions of AZ31B magnesium alloy (mass fraction)

Al	Zn	Mn	Si	Fe	Cu	Ni	Mg
3.12	0.88	0.28	0.1	0.003	0.003	0.005	余量

图2 均匀化的AZ31B实验板坯的金相组织（a）—边部；（b）—内部.

Fig.2 Metallographic structure of homogenized AZ31B experimental slab

图3 热电偶位置分布及板坯测温实验流程图（a）—热电偶在厚度方向分布示意图；（b）—板坯轧制过程测温示意图.

Fig.3 Thermocouple position distribution and flow chart of slab temperature measurement experiment

图4 AZ31B镁合金板材轧制过程中的热交换示意图和对应实测曲线的形变热特征值（a）—轧制过程中与外界环境之间的热交换现象示意图；（b）—轧制过程中温度的变化趋势.

Fig.4 Diagram of heat exchange during rolling of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets and characteristic value of deformation heat corresponding to measured curves

图5 AZ31B镁合金板材在不同轧制温度下不同厚度的温度-时间变化曲线（a）—200 ℃；（b）—250 ℃；（c）—300 ℃；（d）—350 ℃；（e）—400 ℃.

Fig.5 Temperature-time variation curves of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets with different thicknesses at different rolling temperatures

图6 初轧温度为200 ℃、轧制压下率为15%时厚向不同位置的微观组织（a）—表面；（b）—1/4高度层；（c）—1/2高度层.

Fig.6 Microstructures at different positions along thickness direction under initial rolling temperature of 200 °C and rolling reduction ratio of 15%

图7 AZ31B镁合金板材在不同轧制压下率下不同厚度的温度-时间变化曲线（a）—7%；（b）—17%；（c）—27%；（d）—38%；（e）—48%.

Fig.7 Temperature-time variation curves of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets with different thicknesses at different rolling reduction ratios

图8 初轧温度为250 ℃、轧制压下率为17%时厚向不同位置的微观组织（a）—表面；（b）—1/4高度层；（c）—1/2高度层.

Fig.8 Microstructures at different positions along thickness direction under initial rolling temperature of 250 °C and rolling reduction ratio of 17%

图9 AZ31B镁合金板材在不同轧制压下率和温度下∆t1和∆t2的变化（a）—∆t1；（b）—∆t2.

Fig.9 Variation of ∆t1 and ∆t2 of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets at different rolling reduction ratios and temperatures

图10 经验公式拟合曲线与实测值对比（a）—∆t1；（b）—∆t2.

Fig.10 Comparison between calculated curves by empirical formula and measured values

图11 AZ31B镁合金轧制板材的实测数据与预测曲线

Fig.11 Measured data and predicted curves of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets

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