新疆半干旱生态脆弱区露天煤矿生态成本

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2023.09.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 露天煤炭资源开采对生态环境脆弱的新疆半干旱地区造成了巨大的环境压力，因此，特定环境下对资源开采产生的生态扰动评估和生态价值损失计算显得尤为重要.针对半干旱生态脆弱区特点和特殊环境下生态系统服务功能，将矿山生态成本分为直接经济价值损失、外生生态价值损失、环境污染治理成本、能耗生态成本和复垦成本，建立半干旱生态脆弱区露天煤矿生态成本模型.将研究成果应用于新疆半干旱生态脆弱区某露天煤矿，得到该矿山生态成本为23.28亿元，占矿山净现值的94.90%，可以看出半干旱生态脆弱区资源开采产生的生态扰动剧烈，生态代价巨大，如果矿山把生态成本考虑到矿山财务统计中，将会大大压缩矿山的利润.

关键词: 生态成本；半干旱生态脆弱区；露天煤矿；生态复垦；绿色矿山

Abstract: The open-pit coal resource mining has caused great environmental pressure to the semi-arid region of Xinjiang where the ecological environment is fragile. Therefore， it is particularly important to evaluate the ecological disturbance and calculate the ecological value loss caused by the resource mining under the specific environment. According to the characteristics of semi-arid ecologically fragile area and the ecosystem service function under special environment， the ecological cost of mine is divided into direct economic value loss， exogenous ecological value loss， environmental pollution control cost， ecological cost of energy consumption， and reclamation cost， and the ecological cost model of open-pit coal mine in a semi-arid ecologically fragile area is established. The research results are applied to a specific open-pit coal mine in the semi-arid ecologically fragile area of Xinjiang， and the ecological cost of the mine is 2.328 billion yuan， accounting for 94.90% of the net present value of the mine. It can be seen that the ecological disturbance and ecological cost caused by resource exploitation in the semi-arid ecologically fragile area are severe， and if the mine takes the ecological cost into account in the mine financial statistics， it may experience significant reduction in profit.

Key words: ecological cost; the ecologically fragile area of semi-arid; open-pit coal mine; ecological reclamation; green mines

中图分类号:

叶鲁青，胥孝川，顾晓薇，王青. 新疆半干旱生态脆弱区露天煤矿生态成本[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 44(9): 1318-1327.

YE Lu-qing， XU Xiao-chuan， GU Xiao-wei， WANG Qing. Ecological Cost of Open-Pit Coal Mine in Semi-arid Ecological Fragile Area of Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2023, 44(9): 1318-1327.

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