纤维滤袋孔径特征对过滤性能的影响

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2024.11.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究袋式除尘滤料孔径特征及其对过滤性能的影响，分别选用针刺毡、水刺毡和覆膜类纤维滤袋共13种样品，采用泡点法对其最大孔径及平均孔径进行测试，利用场发射分析扫描电镜-Image-pro plus 6.0计算机图像软件联用分析针刺毡和水刺毡类纤维滤袋的孔径分布.结果表明：针刺毡最大孔径及平均孔径均大于水刺毡，覆膜类滤料的最大孔径及平均孔径最小；内部孔喉最大孔径及平均孔径会影响到透气度、过滤效率和过滤阻力的大小，随着孔径的增大，透气度逐渐增加；孔径越小则过滤效率越大.此外，水刺毡滤料的表观孔径分布较针刺毡滤料更加集中，分布更加均匀，这对提高滤料的过滤效率有一定程度的影响.

关键词: 纤维滤袋, 孔径分布, 透气度, 分级计数效率, 过滤阻力

Abstract:

To study the effect of pore characteristics on filtration performance of filter bag， the maximum pore size and mean pore size of thirteen kinds of samples are determined by bubble?point method， mainly including needled filter bag， spunlace filter bag and membrane covered filter bag. In addition， the pore distribution characteristics of needled filter bag and spunlace filter bag are also analyzed by a combination of scanning electron microscope and Image-pro plus 6.0. The results show that the maximum pore size and mean pore size of needled filter bag are larger than those of the spunlace filter bag， and the pore size of the membrane covered filter bag is the lowest one. The maximum pore size and mean pore size of the internal pore throat have an effect on the air permeability， filtration efficiency and pressure drop of filter bags. Air permeability increases with the increase of pore size. The filtration efficiency increases with the decrease of pore size. Additionally， the pore distribution of spunlace filter bag is more concentrated and uniform than other kinds of filter bags， which has a certain degree of influence on the improvement of filtration efficiency of filter materials.

Key words: filter bag, pore size distribution, air permeability, fractional counting efficiency, pressure drop

中图分类号:

TS 174

柳静献, 李亚霏, 吕超, 赵翰鹏. 纤维滤袋孔径特征对过滤性能的影响[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 45(11): 1629-1637.

Jing-xian LIU, Ya-fei LI, Chao LYU, Han-peng ZHAO. Effect of Pore Characteristics on Filtration Performance of Filter Bag[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2024, 45(11): 1629-1637.

图/表 14

表1 实验样品参数特性

Table 1 Parameter characteristics of experimental samples

编号	生产厂家	样品类型	面密度/(g·m^-2)	厚度/mm
1#	ZJHS	针刺毡	687.85	1.64
2#	EEDS	针刺毡	539.56	1.52
3#	FSXDF	针刺毡	597.78	1.43
4#	HHHT	针刺毡	594.07	1.46
5#	ZZYB	超细海岛纤维+针刺毡	535.85	2.11
6#	JH	水刺毡	543.56	1.79
7#	JH	水刺毡	705.48	1.35
8#	JH	水刺毡	741.93	1.40
9#	HSWX	PTFE覆膜针刺毡	814.67	1.05
10#	HSWX	PTFE覆膜针刺毡	568.00	1.93
11#	HSWX	PTFE覆膜针刺毡	628.67	2.03
12#	JSFS	覆膜玻纤机织布	814.67	0.93
13#	YSRD	PTFE覆膜针刺毡	573.78	1.66

图1 滤料过滤效率测试装置1—纤维滤袋； 2—TSI激光粒子计数器； 3—颗粒物.

Fig.1 Test instrument of filtration efficiency for the filter materials

图2 泡点法测试原理1—压力表； 2—膜固定器； 3—气源接口； 4—微量调节器.

Fig.2 Principle for bubble point method test

图3 MPD-15K β x孔径测试仪1—触摸显示器； 2—打印机； 3—预压压力表；4—气源压力表；5—功能切换阀； 6—测试吹干切换阀；7—预压旋钮；8—微调Ⅰ； 9—微调Ⅱ； 10—滤材夹具.

Fig.3 MPD-15K β x aperture measuring instrument

表2 滤料内部孔喉直径

Table 2 Pore size of the filter materials

样品编号	第1冒泡点压力	最大孔径	群泡点压力	平均孔径
样品编号	kPa	μm	kPa	μm
1#	0.82	109.03	0.89	95.79
2#	0.78	113.43	0.92	96.53
3#	1.02	86.67	1.08	82.03
4#	0.86	104.07	1.05	84.98
5#	0.71	124.49	0.89	99.50
6#	0.85	104.99	0.93	96.37
7#	1.00	89.47	1.10	81.18
8#	1.07	83.14	1.19	74.80
9#	1.19	72.85	1.70	50.76
10#	0.91	95.13	1.20	72.05
11#	0.79	109.30	1.68	51.61
12#	0.79	112.78	1.05	84.43
13#	1.17	74.61	1.38	62.75

图4 滤料透气度与孔径

Fig.4 Air permeability and the pore size of the filter materials

图5 1#~13#滤料在1.44 m·min-1风速条件下分级计数效率

Fig.5 Fractional counting efficiency of the 1#~13# samples at flow velocity of 1.44 m·min-1

图6 实验样品对PM 2.5过滤效率与孔径

Fig.6 PM 2.5 filtration efficiency and the pore size of the samples

图7 1#~8#样品过滤阻力

Fig.7 Pressure drop of the samples from 1# to 8#

图8 9#~13#样品过滤阻力

Fig.8 Pressure drop of the samples from 9# to 13#

表3 实验滤料阻力拟合曲线数据

Table 3 Pressure drop fitted curve of the samples

编号	斜率	标准误差
1#	18.42	0.02
2#	18.46	0.18
3#	35.92	0.35
4#	20.93	0.20
5#	11.54	0.68
6#	12.15	0.14
7#	22.82	0.14
8#	25.03	0.17
9#	131.94	0.74
10#	68.86	0.36
11#	71.26	0.50
12#	62.46	0.42
13#	72.51	1.18

图9 1#~8#滤料孔径分布（a）—1#滤料；（b）—2#滤料；（c）—3#滤料；（d）—4#滤料；（e）—5#滤料；（f）—6#滤料；（g）—7#滤料；（h）—8#滤料.

Fig.9 Pore size distribution of the samples from 1# to 8#

图10 5#样品SEM图

Fig.10 SEM image of the 5# sample

图11 1#~8#滤料孔径分布累积频率及其拟合曲线（a）—1#~5#滤料；（b）—6#~8#滤料.

Fig.11 Cumulative frequency of the pore size distribution with its fitted curve of the samples from 1# to 8#

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