90°弯头上下游风速及颗粒物质量浓度分布特征与测量

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230307

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决在通风系统的非理想测试断面处难以进行通风参数的准确测量问题，基于数值模拟方法，探究了管径、风速、曲率直径比、颗粒物质量浓度、粒径、密度等因素对90°圆形弯管内气流及颗粒物质量浓度分布的影响，并分析了等面积圆环法和中心点法对非理想测试断面的测量误差及规律.结果表明：弯管内风速分布仅受曲率直径比的影响；颗粒物质量浓度受曲率直径比、粒径和密度的影响.等面积圆环法测得的弯头出口处风速误差最大值为7.8%；曲率直径比一定时，各测量断面误差同管径之间存在函数关系，管道中心风速与断面平均风速之间存在线性关系.等面积圆环法测得的弯头出入口颗粒物质量浓度误差均在10%以下.本研究可为在非理想测量断面进行风速和颗粒物质量浓度监测提供参考.

关键词: 数值模拟, 90°弯管, 风速分布, 管道风速, 颗粒物质量浓度

Abstract:

To solve the problem of difficulty in accurately measuring ventilation parameters at non-ideal test sections of ventilation systems， based on the numerical simulation method， the effects of pipe diameter， air velocity， curvature-diameter ratio， particulate matter mass concentration， particle size， density and other factors on the airflow and particle concentration distribution in the 90° circular bend are explored. The measurement errors and rules of the equal-area ring method and the center point method on the non-ideal test section are analyzed. The results show that the air velocity distribution in the bend is only affected by the curvature-diameter ratio， and the particulate matter mass concentration is affected by the curvature-diameter ratio， particle size and density. The maximum error of air velocity at the elbow outlet measured by the equal area ring method is 7.8%. When the curvature-diameter ratio is fixed， there is a functional relationship between the error of each measured section and the pipe diameter， and there is a linear relationship between the wind speed of the pipe center and the average air velocity of the section. The particulate matter mass concentration errors of the elbow inlet and outlet measured by the equal-area ring method are all below 10%. This study can provide a reference for the monitoring of air velocity and particulate matter mass concentration in non-ideal measurement section.

Key words: numerical simulation, 90°bend, air velocity distribution, pipeline air velocity, particulate matter mass concentration

中图分类号:

TB 24

林秀丽, 樊敏, 杨津硕, 柳静献. 90°弯头上下游风速及颗粒物质量浓度分布特征与测量[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(5): 113-125.

Xiu-li LIN, Min FAN, Jin-shuo YANG, Jing-xian LIU. Characteristics and Measurement of Air Velocity and Particulate Matter Mass Concentration Distribution in Upstream and Downstream of 90° Elbow[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(5): 113-125.

图/表 14

图1 几何模型

Fig.1 Geometric model

图2 几何模型网格划分图

Fig.2 Geometric model meshing diagram

图3 典型断面处实验值与模拟值比较（a）—Z/D=-1，-0.5，θ=0°，30°，45°，60°，90°；（b）—Y/D =0.5，1，1.5，2，3，5，10.

Fig.3 Comparison of experimental and simulated values at a typical cross section

图4 网格数量对计算结果的影响（a）—X轴方向位移；（b）—Z轴方向位移.

Fig.4 The effect of the number of meshes on the calculation result

图5 不同断面位置图

Fig.5 Position diagram of different sections

图6 不同入口风速下截面风速分布（a）—5 m/s；（b）—16 m/s；（c）—18 m/s；（d）—20 m/s.

Fig.6 Sectional air velocity distribution at different inlet air velocities

图7 不同入口风速下颗粒物质量浓度分布(a)—5 m/s; (b)—16 m/s; (c)—18 m/s; (d)—20 m/s.

Fig.7 Particulate matter mass concentration distribution at different inlet velocities

图8 不同粒径下颗粒物质量浓度分布（a）—2.5 µm；（b）—10 µm；（c）—25 µm；（d）—50 µm.

Fig.8 Particulate matter mass concentration distribution under different particle sizes

图9 多分散相下颗粒物质量浓度分布（a）—中位径=9.69 µm；（b）—中位径=62 µm.

Fig.9 Particulate matter mass concentration distribution under polydisperse phases

图10 不同曲率直径比下的风速和颗粒物质量浓度分布（a）—1.0；（b）—1.5；（c）—2.0；（d）—2.5；（e）—3.0.

Fig.10 Air velocity and particulate matter mass concentration distribution under different curvature-diameter ratios

图11 不同条件下等面积圆环法的测量误差（a）—入口风速变化；（b）—曲率直径比变化；（c）—管径变化.

Fig.11 Measurement error of equal area doughnut method under different conditions

图12 不同曲率直径比下弯头出入口处风速误差拟合曲线（a）—入口断面；（b）—出口断面.

Fig.12 Wind speed error fitting curves at the inlet and outlet of the elbow under different curvature-diameter ratios

图13 不同断面管道中心风速与平均风速的拟合曲线

Fig.13 Fitting curves of central wind speed and average wind speed of different sections of the pipe

表1 两种等面积圆环法的测量误差 (%)

Table 1 Measurement error of two equal area ring methods

参数		等面积圆环法						加密等面积圆环法
		与弯头入口距离		与弯头出口距离				与弯头入口距离		与弯头出口距离
		0	2D	0	2D	4D	6D	0	2D	0	2D	4D	6D
$风速 m · s - 1$	18	0.7	2.1	2.9	-7.1	-2.0	11.6	-0.4	0.3	-5.5	-2.5	-0.9	3.1
$风速 m · s - 1$	20	2.4	1.0	0.2	-7.2	0.6	3.5	0.0	0.0	-3.7	-0.5	0.9	5.9
$粒径 µ m$	2.50	-2.9	-6.2	1.8	-8.0	3.3	3.1	0.5	-1.3	0.1	-5.6	-1.0	8.2
	9.69	5.9	5.0	-3.5	-4.1	-2.0	5.7	1.6	1.1	-3.9	-1.8	-1.6	3.3
	10.00	3.0	1.5	-3.6	-3.0	0.9	4.5	1.8	-1.5	0.2	2.6	-1.6	1.4
	25.00	0.9	2.1	8.9	9.0	-0.5	-6.3	1.2	-0.3	13.8	1.5	-4.1	-9.6
$颗粒物密度 g ⋅ c m - 3$	2.0	3.2	0.1	1.1	-4.0	-1.1	7.9	-5.0	-0.7	0.7	-1.9	1.7	4.7
$颗粒物密度 g ⋅ c m - 3$	0.6	-8.5	1.4	3.1	-3.5	2.4	1.2	-0.7	-0.6	-1.5	-2.3	0.2	1.8
$颗粒物质量浓度 m g ⋅ m - 3$	10	3.4	-2.2	-3.5	-4.2	-2.4	5.4	4.3	-1.2	-3.9	-1.9	1.4	5.8
$颗粒物质量浓度 m g ⋅ m - 3$	20	2.3	0.0	1.2	-4.7	-3.6	3.0	-2.2	0.6	-0.9	-2.7	-3.3	2.9

表1 两种等面积圆环法的测量误差 (%)

Table 1 Measurement error of two equal area ring methods

参数		等面积圆环法						加密等面积圆环法
		与弯头入口距离		与弯头出口距离				与弯头入口距离		与弯头出口距离
		0	2D	0	2D	4D	6D	0	2D	0	2D	4D	6D
$风速 m · s - 1$	18	0.7	2.1	2.9	-7.1	-2.0	11.6	-0.4	0.3	-5.5	-2.5	-0.9	3.1
$风速 m · s - 1$	20	2.4	1.0	0.2	-7.2	0.6	3.5	0.0	0.0	-3.7	-0.5	0.9	5.9
$粒径 µ m$	2.50	-2.9	-6.2	1.8	-8.0	3.3	3.1	0.5	-1.3	0.1	-5.6	-1.0	8.2
	9.69	5.9	5.0	-3.5	-4.1	-2.0	5.7	1.6	1.1	-3.9	-1.8	-1.6	3.3
	10.00	3.0	1.5	-3.6	-3.0	0.9	4.5	1.8	-1.5	0.2	2.6	-1.6	1.4
	25.00	0.9	2.1	8.9	9.0	-0.5	-6.3	1.2	-0.3	13.8	1.5	-4.1	-9.6
$颗粒物密度 g ⋅ c m - 3$	2.0	3.2	0.1	1.1	-4.0	-1.1	7.9	-5.0	-0.7	0.7	-1.9	1.7	4.7
$颗粒物密度 g ⋅ c m - 3$	0.6	-8.5	1.4	3.1	-3.5	2.4	1.2	-0.7	-0.6	-1.5	-2.3	0.2	1.8
$颗粒物质量浓度 m g ⋅ m - 3$	10	3.4	-2.2	-3.5	-4.2	-2.4	5.4	4.3	-1.2	-3.9	-1.9	1.4	5.8
$颗粒物质量浓度 m g ⋅ m - 3$	20	2.3	0.0	1.2	-4.7	-3.6	3.0	-2.2	0.6	-0.9	-2.7	-3.3	2.9

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