Abstract: To improve the temperature control accuracy of a continuous annealing simulator, a mathematical model was developed for the process control of the simulator on the basis of the theories of heat transfer and adaptive control. According to the data acquired in experiments, the relevant annealing parameters were modified in real time, and such parameters as heating current and cooling gas flowrate were readjusted and compensated dynamically in either heating or cooling process, thus ensuring the accuracy of temperature control. In application the model showed that the temperature control accuracy is ±10°C, i.e., available to meet the requirements for process control of the annealing simulator.