Abstract: Oxidative dephosphorization of chromium-containing hot metal with different initial carbon contents was carried out by BaO-CaO based refining slag in a MoSi2 furnace in argon atmosphere. The results showed that the best effect of dephosphorization comes out when the initial carbon content in the hot metal is in the range from 3% to 4% and the dephosphorization rate is over 60% at 1500°C. The temperature of oxidative dephosphorization has significant effect on dephosphorization rate which reduced greatly with increasing temperature. It is proper to control the temperature in the range from 1500°C to 1550°C. Chromium lass is negligible, and the increase in chromium content is found while the initial carbon content in hot metal is high.