东北大学学报（社会科学版）

东北大学学报（社会科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 94-101.DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2020.06.012

• 法学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

反思和厘定:生态环境损害赔偿制度的“本真”——以其适用范围为切口

李树训，冷罗生   

  1. (北京师范大学法学院，北京100875)
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-10 修回日期:2020-05-10 出版日期:2020-11-25 发布日期:2020-12-22
  • 通讯作者: 李树训
  • 作者简介:李树训(1988-)，男，湖北襄阳人，北京师范大学博士研究生，主要从事环境法研究;冷罗生(1966-)，男，湖南南县人，北京师范大学教授，博士生导师，主要从事环境法研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金专项课题重大资助项目(18VHJ006)。

Reflection and Definition: The “Essence” of the Compensation System for Eco-environmental Damage——From the Perspective of Its Scope of Application

LI Shu-xun， LENG Luo-sheng   

  1. (School of Law， Beijing Normal University， Beijing 100875， China)
  • Received:2020-05-10 Revised:2020-05-10 Online:2020-11-25 Published:2020-12-22
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摘要： 目前，最高人民法院以司法解释的形式正式确立了生态环境损害赔偿制度的适用范围，然“分级”和“划区”索赔的事实与改革旨意、学界解释、实践理性等溢出印象存在较大偏差，违背损害赔偿的一般立法原理。在揭示规范形式与制度目的间客观矛盾基础上，证成当前生态环境损害赔偿制度发展样态渐趋“变质”——从保护生态环境倾向至保护赔偿权利人——的现实。生态环境损害赔偿制度与环境公益诉讼制度作为保护生态环境的两架并行的“马车”，素有职能重叠、立法重复之嫌疑。在念及我国环保与发展、政府与企业之间的复杂关系，且正视环境公益诉讼制度的有限救济功能基础上，最终确立其应然适用的范围，以实现与环境公益诉讼分工互补的系统目的。

关键词: 生态环境损害赔偿制度, 制度矛盾, 有限救济

Abstract: At present， the Supreme People's Court has formally established the scope of application of the system of compensation for damages to the ecological environment in the form of judicial interpretation. However， the fact of “grading” and “zoning” claims deviates greatly from the legal impression of reform intention， academic interpretation and practical rationality， and violates the general legislative principles of compensation for damages. On the basis of revealing the objective contradiction between the normative form and the purpose of the system， this paper proves that the development pattern of the current compensation system for ecological environment damage “deteriorates”， that is， from the tendency to protect the ecological environment to the compensation right holders. The system of compensation for damage to the ecological environment and the system of environmental public interest litigation are two important means， but they have been facing the dilemma of overlapping functions and duplication of legislation. Considering the complex relationship between environmental protection and development， the government and enterprises， and facing the limited relief function of environmental public interest litigation system， we can finally establish its scope of application， and ultimately realize the system purpose of complementing environmental public interest litigation system in the division of labor.

Key words: ecological environment damage compensation system, contradictions between systems, limited relife

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