东北大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (4): 9-15.DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2022.04.002

• 科技哲学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

“近距离和亲身性”假设的再检验——基于道德困境的伦理实验考察

赵志辉   

  1. (东南大学人文学院,江苏南京211189)
  • 修回日期:2021-06-02 接受日期:2021-06-02 发布日期:2022-08-29
  • 通讯作者: 赵志辉
  • 作者简介:赵志辉(1989-),男,河南濮阳人,东南大学博士研究生,主要从事道德心理学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重点资助项目(17AZD005);江苏省研究生科研创新资助项目(KYCX18_0209)。

The Re-examination of the “Up Close and Personal” Hypothesis: Based on the Investigation of Ethical Experiment in Moral Dilemma

ZHAO Zhihui   

  1. (School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China)
  • Revised:2021-06-02 Accepted:2021-06-02 Published:2022-08-29
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摘要: 为验证电车难题中的“近距离和亲身性”假设在中国语境下是否成立,通过采用道德困境测验,对Greene实验展开了重复性研究,考察了空间距离和亲身性因素对道德判断的影响。研究结果表明:在道德接受性评分上,身体接触、亲身力量和空间邻近性变量皆存在显著的实验效应;在道德选择频次比较上,每组情景的义务论和功利主义选择差异显著,四组情景的功利主义选择也呈现出显著差异。总体上,随着亲身性影响效应的减弱和空间距离的延伸,道德接受性评价和道德选择趋向于功利主义。因此,“近距离和亲身性”假设在中国文化背景中得到证实,但同时也存在跨文化的不一致性。

关键词: “近距离和亲身性”假设; 电车难题; 道德判断; 跨文化; 实证伦理

Abstract: In order to verify the “up close and personal” hypothesis of the trolley problem in the Chinese context, we conduct a repetitive study of Greene's experiment by using the moral dilemma test to explore the effects of factors of spatial distance and personalness on moral judgment. The results show that physical contact, personal force and spatial proximity all have significant experimental effects on moral acceptability scores. In the comparison of the frequency of moral choice, the deontological and utilitarian choices in each group are significantly different, and the utilitarian choices in the four groups also show significant differences. On the whole, with the weakening of personal effect and the extension of spatial distance, moral acceptance evaluation and moral choice tend to be utilitarian. Therefore, the “up close and personal” hypothesis is confirmed in the Chinese cultural context, but there are also cross-cultural inconsistencies.

Key words: “up close and personal” hypothesis; trolley problem; moral judgment; cross-culture; empirical ethics

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