From Algorithm Bias to Algorithm Discrimination: Research on the Responsibility of Algorithmic Discrimination

doi:10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2022.01.001

Abstract

Abstract: Algorithmic justice is now seen as a core ethical issue in the field of artificial intelligence， and is often expressed as algorithmic bias or algorithmic discrimination. But algorithm bias and algorithm discrimination are actually two problems. Distinguishing these two problems can show that algorithm bias does not have an ethical dimension， and algorithm discrimination is the real core ethical problem in the field of artificial intelligence. Algorithm bias is inevitable and it mainly comes from the bias of developers， the bias of data and the bias of algorithm itself. Among them， explicit bias is easy to be found and eliminated， but implicit bias is inevitable in the algorithm. The subject mainly responsible for algorithmic discrimination is human being， whose blind obedience to algorithmic bias leads to algorithmic discrimination. The discrimination caused by autonomous decision-making algorithm can also be traced to people. Therefore， algorithm developers and users should be responsible for algorithm discrimination.

Key words: algorithm discrimination; algorithm bias; deep learning; artificial intelligence

CLC Number:

MENG Lingyu. From Algorithm Bias to Algorithm Discrimination: Research on the Responsibility of Algorithmic Discrimination[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science), 2022, 24(1): 1-9.

References

[1]崔靖梓. 算法歧视挑战下平等权保护的危机与应对［J］. 法律科学(西北政法大学学报)， 2019，37(3):29-42.
[2]杨成越，罗先觉. 算法歧视的综合治理初探［J］. 科学与社会， 2018，8(4):8-19.
[3]杨庆峰. 数据偏见是否可以消除?［J］. 自然辩证法研究， 2019，35(8):109-113.
[4]Howard A，Borenstein J. The Ugly Truth About Ourselves and Our Robot Creations: the Problem of Bias and Social Inequity［J］. Science and Engineering Ethics， 2018，24(5):1521-1536.
[5]陈鸿清. 偏见:从非法到合法［J］. 厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版)， 1996(2):25-30.
[6]笛卡尔. 哲学原理［M］. 关文运，译. 北京: 商务印书馆， 1958:32.
[7]马丁·海德格尔. 存在与时间［M］. 陈嘉映，王庆节，译. 北京: 生活·读书·新知三联书店， 2012:176.
[8]崔永杰. “培根问题”及其诠释学意涵［J］. 湖南师范大学社会科学学报， 2015，44(4):41-47.
[9]汉斯-格奥尔格·伽达默尔. 诠释学Ⅰ——真理与方法［M］. 洪汉鼎，译. 北京: 商务印书馆， 2010.
[10]朱振. 论人权公约中的禁止歧视［J］. 当代法学， 2005，19(4):143-150.
[11]徐琳. 人工智能推算技术中的平等权问题之探讨［J］.法学评论， 2019，37(3):152-161.
[12]Algorithm and Blues［J］. Nature， 2016，537:449.
[13]Brownstein M. Attributionism and Moral Responsibility for Implicit Bias［J］. Review of Philosophy and Psychology， 2016，7(4):765-786.
[14]刘友华. 算法偏见及其规制路径研究［J］. 法学杂志， 2019，40(6):55-66.
[15]Diakopoulos N. Algorithmic Accountability: Journalistic Investigation of Computational Power Structures［J］. Digital Journalism， 2015，3(3):398-415.
[16]Allport G. The Nature of Prejudice［M］. Reading: Addison-Wesley， 1954:20.
[17]Hild M. Inductive Incompleteness［J］. Philosophical Studies， 2006，128(1):109-135.
[18]Holder E. Attorney General Eric Holder Speaks at the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers 57th Annual Meeting and 13th State Criminal Justice Network Conference［J］. Federal Sentencing Reporter， 2014，33(5):252.
[19]Martin K. Ethical Implications and Accountability of Algorithms［J］. Journal of Business Ethics， 2019，160(4):835-850.
[20]Miller B，Record I. Justified Belief in a Digital Age: on the Epistemic Implications of Secret Internet Technologies［J］. Episteme， 2013，10(2):117-134.