东北大学学报（社会科学版）

东北大学学报（社会科学版） ›› 2013, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 517-523.DOI: -

• 法学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

论遗嘱继承中的特留份法律制度

骆东升，刘耀东   

  1. (大连海事大学法学院，辽宁大连116026)
  • 收稿日期:2012-12-28 修回日期:2012-12-28 出版日期:2013-09-25 发布日期:2015-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 骆东升
  • 作者简介:骆东升(1964-)，男，山东蓬莱人，大连海事大学博士研究生，主要从事国际法研究。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金资助项目(11YJC820073)。

On the Legal Portion System in the Succession by Testament

LUO Dong-sheng， LIU Yao-dong   

  1. (Law School， Dalian Maritime University， Dalian 116026， China)
  • Received:2012-12-28 Revised:2012-12-28 Online:2013-09-25 Published:2015-11-10
  • Contact: -
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摘要： 特留份制度乃为平衡“遗产处分禁止主义”与“遗嘱自由主义”，“个人自由”与“社会公共利益”冲突的产物。特留份在性质上属于一种特殊的继承权，为法定继承人于继承开始后所得享有。特留份权因继承开始而发生，也只有在继承人承认继承的情况下，才会产生特留份权。我国《继承法》中的“必要遗产份额”其性质并非特留份，而是借鉴前苏联等社会主义国家的必继份制度而设。必留份虽然在一定程度上限制了遗嘱人的财产处分自由，但其主要功能是充分发挥家庭养老育幼的职责，以减轻社会负担，而非专为限制遗嘱人的遗嘱自由。我国未来民法典继承编应当规定遗嘱继承必留份与遗赠特留份并行的双轨制模式。

关键词: 遗嘱自由, 特留份, 必继份

Abstract: The legal portion system is a product that balances the conflicts between prohibition of heritage disposal and freedom of testament， and between individual freedom and social public interests. In nature， legal portion belongs to a special right of inheritance， which a legal heir is entitled to after the opening of succession. The statutory share in the inheritance law of PRC is not legal portion by nature， which has drawn lessons from the corresponding systems of the former Soviet Union and many other socialist countries. Although the statutory share limits to some extent a testators freedom of property disposal， its main function is to give full play to the household old-age and child care， and to reduce the social burden rather than to restrict testamentary freedom. In Chinas future civil code， a parallel double-track mode of statutory share in testament inheritance and legal portion in legacy should be formulated.

Key words: freedom of testament, legal portion, statutory share

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