东北大学学报（自然科学版）

东北大学学报:自然科学版 ›› 2014, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (12): 1746-1749.DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2014.12.017

• 材料与冶金 • 上一篇    下一篇

铝电解槽废旧阴极炭块中有价组分的回收

曹晓舟1， 时园园2， 赵爽3， 薛向欣1   

  1. (1.东北大学 材料与冶金学院， 辽宁 沈阳110819； 2.中铝沈阳有色金属加工有限公司， 辽宁 沈阳110108；3.抚顺铝业有限公司， 辽宁 抚顺113001)
  • 收稿日期:2014-03-19 修回日期:2014-03-19 出版日期:2014-12-15 发布日期:2014-09-12
  • 通讯作者: 曹晓舟
  • 作者简介:曹晓舟(1979-)，男，山东单县人，东北大学讲师，博士； 薛向欣(1954-)，男，辽宁沈阳人，东北大学教授，博士生导师.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(51090384，51204043).

Recovery of Valuable Components from Spent Pot-Lining of Aluminium Electrolytic Reduction Cells

CAO Xiao-zhou1， SHI Yuan-yuan2， ZHAO Shuang3， XUE Xiang-xin1   

  1. 1. School of Materials & Metallurgy， Northeastern University， Shenyang 110819， China; 2. Chinalco Shenyang Non-ferrous Metal Processing Co.， Ltd.， Shenyang 110108， China; 3. Fushun Aluminium Co.， Ltd.， Fushun 113001， China.
  • Received:2014-03-19 Revised:2014-03-19 Online:2014-12-15 Published:2014-09-12
  • Contact: CAO Xiao-zhou
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摘要： 铝电解槽废旧阴极炭块是铝电解生产最大宗的固体废弃物，并且是含氟量极高的危险固体废料，严重污染周围的环境.采用水洗—化学浸出—煅烧工艺回收铝电解槽废旧阴极炭块中的氟化物和碳粉，采用硫酸铝溶液浸出废旧阴极炭块，实验得到适宜的浸出条件为25℃浸出24h，碳的回收率达到88%，最终产物碳的纯度从61.3%提高到89.6%.考察了溶液温度、溶液pH值和时间与氟回收率之间的关系，浸出溶液中氟化物以Al2((OH)0.46F0.54)6H2O和Na5Al3F14形式析出，回收的最佳条件为溶液温度90℃，pH值为5.5，180min得到氟离子回收率最大为99.7%，高温煅烧后所得产品为AlF3和Na5Al3F14.

关键词: 废旧阴极炭块, 铝电解, 回收, 硫酸铝, 氟化物

Abstract: Spent pot-lining(SPL)of aluminium electrolytic reduction cells is currently the largest hazardous solid waste with high fluoride content in aluminium industry， which pollutes the surrounding environment seriously. Fluoride and carbon from SPL were recovered by water wash， chemical leach and calcination process using Al2(SO4)3·18H2O solutions. The results show that the appropriate leaching conditions were time of 24h at 25℃， the recovery rate of carbon is 88% from SPL， and the carbon purity increases from 61.3% to 89.6%. The effects of time， temperature and pH value of solution on recovery rate of fluorine were investigated. Fluoride can be precipitated as Al2((OH)0.46F0.54)6H2O and Na5Al3F14. The appropriate conditions of fluoride recovery were temperature of 90℃， pH value of 5.5 and time of 180min. The maximum fluorine recovery rate is 99.7%. The main products were AlF3 and Na5Al3F14 after calcination.

Key words: spent pot-lining, aluminium electrolysis, recovery, aluminium sulfate, fluoride

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