钢液稀土合金化过程多相流动及混匀行为研究

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20240046

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究精炼过程中钢包底吹氩对熔池传质和混匀行为.以某钢厂150 t钢包为原型，建立了钢渣-钢液-氩气三相流的LES-DPM-VOF耦合数值模型，并通过该模型研究了不同吹氩量对渣-钢-气多相流行为及钢液混匀现象的影响.结果表明，数值模拟预测的渣眼形状与实验吻合良好；当吹气量为50 L/min时，钢包内钢液最大速度约为0.7 m/s，渣-钢界面波动较小，未形成明显渣眼；随着吹气量由50 L/min增至100 L/min，气泡对钢水提升作用增强，钢液上升流最大速度由0.7 m/s增至1.07 m/s，渣-钢界面波动增大.此外，混匀行为研究表明，合金混匀时间与氩气喷吹流量成反比.模拟合金块直径为20 cm，当吹气量为50 L/min时的混匀时间为245 s，当吹气量增至300 L/min时，混匀时间缩短为145 s.

关键词: 钢包精炼, 合金化, 多相流, 混匀时间, 数值模拟

Abstract:

In order to study the behavior during the mass transfer and homogenization in the molten pool by argon blowing at the bottom of the ladle in the refining process， a LES-DPM-VOF coupled numerical model for a 150 t ladle in a steel plant was established to simulate slag-steel-argon three phase flow， and the effects of argon blowing rates on multiphase flow behavior of slag-steel-argon and the homogenization phenomenon of liquid steel were studied. The results show that the shape of the slag hole predicted by the numerical model is in good agreement with experimental observations. When the blowing rate is 50 L/min， the maximum velocity of molten steel in the ladle is about 0.7 m/s， and the slag-steel interface only shows a little fluctuation without the formation of a slag hole. As the blowing rate increases from 50 L/min to 100 L/min， the lifting effect of bubbles on molten steel is enhanced， and the maximum upward velocity of molten steel increases from 0.7 m/s to 1.07 m/s. In addition， the fluctuation of the slag-steel interface increases. Furthermore， the study on homogenization behavior shows that the homogenization time of the alloy is inversely proportional to the argon blowing rate. When the diameter of the simulated alloy is 20 cm and the blowing rate is 50 L/min， the homogenization time is 245 s. When the blowing rate increases to 300 L/min， the homogenization time decreases to 145 s.

Key words: steel ladle refining, alloying, multiphase flow, homogenization time, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TF 769

郝云龙, 谢清华, 倪培远, 厉英. 钢液稀土合金化过程多相流动及混匀行为研究[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(9): 73-80.

Yun-long HAO, Qing-hua XIE, Pei-yuan NI, Ying LI. Study on Multiphase Flow and Homogenization Behavior During Rare Earth Alloying of Molten Steel[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(9): 73-80.

图/表 14

图1 钢包几何模型和底吹喷嘴示意图

Fig.1 Geometry model of ladle and bottom blow nozzle diagram

表1 数值模型所用物性参数和工艺条件 (used in numerical model)

Table 1 Physical parameters and process conditions

参数	值
钢液密度/(kg·m^-3)	7 020
La-Fe液态合金密度/(kg·m^-3)	6 600
La-Fe合金比热容/(J·(kg·K)^-1)	535.32
钢液黏度/(kg·m^-1·s^-1)	0.005 5
渣的密度/(kg·m^-3)	3 500
渣的黏度/(kg·m^-1·s^-1)	0.06
渣相顶部空气密度/(kg·m^-3)	0.5
渣相顶部空气黏度/(kg·m^-1·s^-1)	0.000 089
氩气密度/(kg·m^-3)	1.623
吹气量/(L·min^-1)	50，100，300
渣-钢水界面张力/(N·m^-1)	1.15
渣-空气界面张力/(N·m^-1)	0.58
钢水-空气界面张力/(N·m^-1)	1.82
La-Fe合金中La质量分数/%	0.5

图2 水模型渣眼大小与数值模拟结果对比（a）—50 L/h；（b）—120 L/h；（c）—160 L/h；（d）—渣眼面积误差分析［14］.

Fig.2 Comparison between size of slag holes in water model and results of numerical simulation

图3 不同网格数量下的速度分布

Fig.3 Velocity distribution under different grid numbers

图4 不同吹氩时刻钢液中的气泡分布（a）—5 s；（b）—10 s；（c）—15 s.

Fig.4 Bubble distribution in molten steel with different argon blowing time

图5 钢液速度分布（a）—50 L/min吹气量；（b）—100 L/min吹气量；（c）—吹气量50 L/min时的速度矢量图；（d）—吹气量100 L/min时的速度矢量图.

Fig.5 Molten steel velocity distribution

图6 不同吹气量时渣-金界面行为（a）—50 L/min吹气量；（b）—100 L/min吹气量.

Fig.6 Slag-metal interface behavior at different argon blowing rates

图7 不同喷吹时间的渣眼分布（a）—180 s；（b）—185 s；（c）—190 s；（d）—195 s；（e）—200 s.

Fig.7 Distribution of slag holes at different injection time

图8 不同时刻的卷渣分布（a）—185 s；（b）—190 s；（c）—195 s；（d）—200 s.

Fig.8 Slag distribution at different time

图9 合金在钢液中的熔化过程温度变化模拟

Fig.9 Simulation of temperature change during melting process of alloys in molten steel

图10 合金熔化及扩散动态过程示意图

Fig.10 Diagram of dynamic process of alloy melting and diffusion

图11 流场混匀时间（a）－50 L/min；（b）－100 L/min；（c）－300 L/min.

Fig.11 Homogenization time of flow field

图12 不同喷吹流量时的混匀时间（a）—1∶1比例喷吹时；（b）—3∶2比例喷吹时.

Fig.12 Homogenization time at different injection flow rates

图13 100 L/min流量下不同密度合金的混匀时间（a）—7 020 kg/m³；（b）—6 600 kg/m³.

Fig.13 Homogenization time of alloys with different densities at 100 L/min flow rate

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