石煤钒矿工艺矿物学特性及预富集技术研究

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20240050

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以陕西石煤钒矿为原料，借助化学元素分析、X射线衍射分析（XRD）和矿物参数自动定量分析系统（MLA），对原矿的元素组成、矿物组成、钒的赋存状态和含钒矿物的嵌布关系及解离特性进行了系统研究.在此基础上，开展了原矿螺旋溜槽抛尾试验、浮选抛尾试验和重选—浮选联合抛尾试验.结果表明：在原矿V₂O₅质量分数0.82%的条件下，采用重选—浮选联合抛尾工艺，可以获得预选精矿V₂O₅质量分数1.23%、抛尾产率41.97%、钒回收率87.37%的选别指标.该研究为我国石煤钒矿的高效开发利用提供了参考.

关键词: 石煤钒矿, 工艺矿物学, 预富集抛尾, 螺旋溜槽, 浮选

Abstract:

Shaanxi vanadium-bearing stone coal was selected as the research object. The raw ore was characterized by chemical element analysis， X-ray diffraction （XRD）， and an automatic quantitative analysis system （MLA）of mineral parameters. Systematic investigation into its elemental composition， mineral composition， occurrence state of vanadium， embedding relationship， and dissociation characteristics of vanadium-bearing minerals was conducted. On this basis， the spiral chute tailings discarding tests， flotation tailings discarding tests， and combined gravity-flotation tailings discarding tests of raw ores were carried out.When the mass fraction of V₂O₅ in the raw ore was 0.82%， combined gravity-flotation tailings discarding tests could obtain the pre-concentrate with a V₂O₅ mass fraction of 1.23%， a tailing yield of 41.97%， and a vanadium recovery rate of 87.37%. The study provides a reference for the efficient development and utilization of vanadium-bearing stone coal in China.

Key words: vanadium-bearing stone coal, process mineralogy, pre-enrichment tailing discarding, spiral chute, flotation

中图分类号:

TD 954

杨帅厚, 靳建平, 祝昕冉, 周振亚. 石煤钒矿工艺矿物学特性及预富集技术研究[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(9): 135-142.

Shuai-hou YANG, Jian-ping JIN, Xin-ran ZHU, Zhen-ya ZHOU. Research on Process Mineralogy Characteristics and Pre-enrichment Technology of Vanadium-Bearing Stone Coal[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(9): 135-142.

图/表 20

图1 原矿XRD分析

Fig.1 XRD analysis of raw ores

表1 原矿化学成分分析（质量分数） (%)

Table 1 Chemical composition analysis of raw ore(mass fraction)

V₂O₅	C	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	MgO	TFe	FeO	P	S	K₂O	Na₂O	烧失
0.82	0.93	86.64	2.81	1.42	0.54	1.59	0.23	0.26	0.086	0.863	0.006	2.54

图2 十二胺体系浮选抛尾开路试验流程

Fig.2 Open-circuit test process for flotation tailings discarding in dodecylamine system

图3 -1 mm原矿粒度组成及钒分布率（a）—-1 mm原矿粒度组成；（b）—-1 mm原矿钒分布率.

Fig.3 Particle size composition and vanadium distribution ratio of -1 mm raw ore

图4 原矿矿物组成及矿物关系分布图（a）— +0.15 mm；（b）— -0.15+0.074 mm；（c）— -0.074+0.038 mm；（d）— -0.038 mm.

Fig.4 Distribution of mineral composition and mineral relationship of raw ore

表2 原矿矿物组成成分（质量分数） (%)

Table 2 Mineral composition of raw ore(mass fraction)

石英	白云母	高岭石	金红石	褐铁矿	磷灰石	重晶石	钡长石	方解石	其他
88.84	4.96	0.57	0.13	1.48	1.92	0.84	0.39	0.48	0.38

表3 钒元素在含钒矿物中的分布率 (vanadium-bearing minerals %)

Table 3 Distribution ratio of vanadium in

白云母	褐铁矿	金红石	高岭石
87.62	7.83	4.05	0.51

图5 白云母粒度分布

Fig.5 Particle size distribution of muscovite

图6 白云母解离情况图

Fig.6 Diagram of dissociation of muscovite

图7 白云母解离与连生关系示意图

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of dissociation and association relationships of muscovite

图8 石英颗粒粒度分布

Fig.8 Particle size distribution of quartz particles

图9 石英解离情况

Fig.9 Dissociation of quartz

图10 石英解离与连生关系示意

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of dissociation and association relationships of quartz

图11 螺旋溜槽给矿粒度抛尾试验（a）—精矿V2O5质量分数及钒回收率；（b）—尾矿V2O5质量分数及抛尾产率.

Fig.11 Spiral chute tailings discarding test of feeding particle size

图12 浮选pH条件试验结果（a）—精矿V2O5质量分数及钒回收率；（b）—尾矿V2O5质量分数及抛尾产率.

Fig.12 Test results of flotation pH condition

图13 十二胺用量与分选指标关系图（a）—精矿V2O5质量分数及钒回收率；（b）—尾矿V2O5质量分数及抛尾产率.

Fig.13 Relationship between dodecylamine dosage and separation index

表4 十二胺体系浮选抛尾开路试验结果 (discarding in dodecylamine system %)

Table 4 Open-circuit test results of flotation tailings

产品名称	产率	V₂O₅质量分数	钒回收率
合计	100.00	0.82	100.00
精矿1	38.16	1.38	64.22
精矿2	11.97	1.26	18.39
精矿3	9.12	0.58	6.45
尾矿	40.75	0.22	10.94

图14 十二胺体系浮选抛尾闭路数质量流程

Fig.14 Mass flow sheet of closed circuit for flotation tailings discarding in dodecylamine system

图15 重选—浮选联合抛尾试验流程图

Fig.15 Test process of combined gravity-flotation tailings discarding

表5 重选—浮选联合抛尾试验结果 (tailings discarding %)

Table 5 Test results of combined gravity-flotation

产品名称	产率	V₂O₅质量分数	钒回收率
合计	100.00	0.82	100.00
重选尾矿	27.49	0.24	8.04
浮选精矿1	44.86	1.33	72.76
浮选精矿2	13.17	0.91	14.61
浮选尾矿	14.48	0.26	4.59

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