基于工业智能的电力变压器数字孪生故障诊断方法

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20240218

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为新一代信息技术与先进制造技术融合的关键发展方向，工业智能利用智能化、数字化和自动化手段，能够显著提升工业生产效率并优化工业设备的预测和维护管理.本文聚焦于工业设备的智能化，以电力变压器在电力系统中高效、稳定运行的需求为出发点，基于电磁场方程和等效电路模型，构建了基于数字孪生技术的变压器匝间短路故障模型.该模型从电磁场角度对比分析变压器在正常状态和故障状态下的对称性，实现了数字孪生技术与故障诊断的结合.此外，通过对变压器虚拟模型的深入分析，实现对发生故障位置的定位，确保变压器的安全运行，提升其可靠性与效率，从而推动整个电力系统的智能化与现代化进程.

关键词: 数字孪生, 工业智能, 电力变压器, 电磁场, 故障定位

Abstract:

As a key development direction integrating new-generation information technology with advanced manufacturing techniques， industrial intelligence leverages intelligent， digital， and automated methods to significantly enhance industrial production efficiency and optimize the prediction and maintenance management of industrial equipment. This paper focuses on the intelligentization of industrial equipment， with the goal of ensuring the efficient and stable operation of power transformers within power systems. A digital twin model for transformer inter-turn short circuit faults is constructed based on electromagnetic field equations and equivalent circuit models. The model analyzes the symmetry of the transformer in both normal and fault conditions from an electromagnetic field perspective， thereby integrating digital twin technology with fault diagnosis. Furthermore， through in-depth analysis of the virtual model of the transformer， the location of faults is accurately identified， ensuring the safe operation of the transformer， improving its reliability and efficiency， and advancing the intelligentization and modernization of the entire power system.

Key words: digital twin （DT）, industrial intelligence, power transformer, electromagnetic field, fault location

中图分类号:

TM 41

冯健, 张博闻, 赵宁, 江辉杰. 基于工业智能的电力变压器数字孪生故障诊断方法[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(7): 22-29.

Jian FENG, Bo-wen ZHANG, Ning ZHAO, Hui-jie JIANG. Digital Twin Fault Diagnosis Method of Power Transformer Based on Industrial Intelligence[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(7): 22-29.

图/表 9

图1 数字孪生多场耦合框架

Fig.1 DT multifield coupling framework

图2 匝间短路等效电路图

Fig.2 Equivalent circuit diagram of inter-turn short circuit

图3 变压器内部磁通密度分布（a）—正常状态；（b）—故障状态.

Fig.3 Distribution of magnetic flux density inside transformerPYn=∑n=15Yn∑m=ACXm. (16)

表1 变压器基本参数

Table 1 Basic parameters of transformer

名称	数值	名称	数值
额定容量/kVA	250	高压绕组直径/mm	240
额定电压/V	220/36	低压绕组直径/mm	180
高压绕组匝数/匝	220	高压绕组高度/mm	300
低压绕组匝数/匝	36	低压绕组高度/mm	300
铁芯宽度/mm	170	铁芯高度/mm	350

图4 漏磁测量的实验平台

Fig.4 Experimental platform for magnetic leakage measurement

图5 正常状态磁通密度分布对比

Fig.5 Comparison of magnetic flux density distribution in normal state

图6 故障状态磁通密度分布对比

Fig.6 Comparison of magnetic flux density distribution in fault states

图7 故障定位结果与实际位置

Fig.7 Fault location result and actual location

图8 故障定位误差图

Fig.8 Fault location error

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