大型金属坯料制备电磁调控关键共性技术开发和应用

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20250081

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大型高性能金属产品是高端装备制造业发展的基础和先导，但我国大型铸坯传统制备方法普遍存在夹杂、偏析、晶粒粗大以及裂纹等铸造缺陷，导致坯料冶金质量和成材率低等问题，无法满足大规格高端金属产品加工制造要求.因此，研发大型铸坯冶金质量调控新技术，攻克坯料洁净化、均质化、细晶化和低应力铸造难题是突破困境的有效途径.东北大学历经二十余年产学研用协同攻关，在大型坯料制备过程中利用电磁场独特效应，精准调控坯料制备过程凝固行为，完成了电磁调控技术全链条创新，构建了大型金属坯料制备电磁调控理论，研发出了电磁调控核心技术和装备，成功制备了系列大型高品质钢、镁合金和铝合金坯料，推动了高端材料制备技术的进步.

关键词: 大型铸坯, 冶金, 电磁场, 洁净化, 细晶化, 均质化

Abstract:

Large-sized high-performance metal products serve as the foundation and precursor for the development of high-end equipment manufacturing industries. However， traditional preparation methods for large-sized casting billets in China commonly suffer from casting defects such as inclusions， segregation， coarse grains， and cracks， leading to issues like low metallurgical quality and poor yield. These problems render the billets unable to meet the processing and manufacturing requirements of large-sized high-end metal products. Therefore， developing new metallurgical quality control technologies for large-sized casting billets and overcoming challenges in achieving purification， homogenization， grain refinement structure， and low-stress casting are effective pathways to break through these bottlenecks. After over two decades of collaborative research， industry， and academia cooperation and practical application， by utilizing the unique effects of electromagnetic fields during large-sized billet preparation， Northeastern University has precisely controlled the solidification behavior during the preparation process and accomplished a full-chain innovation in electromagnetic control technologies.It has established an electromagnetic control theory for large-sized metal billet preparation and developed core electromagnetic control technologies and equipment. These advancements have successfully produced a series of large-sized and high-quality steel and magnesium alloy， as well as aluminum alloy billets， driving progress in the preparation technologies of high-end materials.

Key words: large-sized billet, metallurgy, electromagnetic field, cleaning, grain refinement, homogenization

中图分类号:

TG 113

王强, 乐启炽, 王向杰. 大型金属坯料制备电磁调控关键共性技术开发和应用[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(7): 131-138.

Qiang WANG, Qi-chi LE, Xiang-jie WANG. Development and Application of Key Generic Technologies for Electromagnetic Regulation in Large-Sized Metal Billet Preparation[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(7): 131-138.

图/表 9

图1 大型坯料多相多尺度多场耦合三维数值模拟[16-17]（a）—Q准则瞬时等值面（500 s-2）；（b）—相体积分数及宏观偏析指数.

Fig.1 Three-dimensional numerical simulation of multiphase,multiscale,and multifield coupling for large-sized billets [16-17]

图2 大型金属坯料电磁调控理论的实际效果

Fig.2 Practical effects of electromagnetic control theory for large-sized metal billets

图3 智能电磁制动技术[22]

Fig.3 Intelligent electromagnetic braking technology [22]

图4 电磁旋流水口技术[23-24]

Fig.4 Electromagnetic swirling flow nozzle technology [23-24]

图5 有无电磁半连铸温度场分布[23- 24]

Fig.5 Temperature field distribution in semi-continuous casting with and without electromagnetic field [23-24]

图6 多级电磁搅拌技术[25]

Fig.6 Multistage electromagnetic stirring technology [25]

图7 差相电磁振荡技术[26-27]

Fig.7 Differential phase electromagnetic oscillation technology [26-27]

图8 有无电磁场半连铸流场分布[26-27]

Fig.8 Flow field distribution in semi-continuous casting with and without electromagnetic field [26-27]

图9 大型金属坯料电磁调控装备

Fig.9 Electromagnetic control equipment for large-sized metal billets

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