Microseismic Response and Precursory Characteristics of Rock Failure Induced by Residual Coal Pillar

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2024.08.013

Abstract

Abstract:

To reveal the disastrous failure and precursory characteristics caused by the instability of the residual coal pillar under the deep mining， the microseismic （MS） characteristics from the dynamic response of the lower mining strata are analyzed by using the statistical method. The control characteristics of multi?source parameters in the prediction of rock fracture are explored. The key tangent slope and multi?parameters are established as the control index model and prediction method of strong dynamic response of rock stratum. The results show that the data discreteness can be avoided with the statistical method for source parameters and the aggregated damage area of rock stratum can be delineated. In the process of dynamic response from weak to strong， the source parameters have typical time characteristics： the energy index presents three stages： from sharp rise to steady to sharp decline， and the cumulative apparent volume is in the stage of smooth transition to sharp increase， and the b value is in the trend of decreasing to low value and stable. Compared with the ground pressure behaviour characteristics of the residual coal pillar area， the response model and prediction method of taking the logarithm value of energy index and the change rate of cumulative apparent volume trend change as the main control precursor index， and multi?source parameters such as total energy， b value and ground pressure as the secondary control precursor index are feasible.

Key words: dynamic response, microseismic monitoring, seismic parameter, changing rate, control index

CLC Number:

TD 325

Wen-qiang MU, Lian-chong LI, Hong-lei LIU, Guo-feng YU. Microseismic Response and Precursory Characteristics of Rock Failure Induced by Residual Coal Pillar[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2024, 45(8): 1167-1177.

Figures/Tables 13

Table 1 Definition and characterization of seismic parameters

震源参数	含义	计算公式	表征特性	预测可行性
总能量E_j	微震事件发生时所释放的能量大小	$E j = ∑ i = 1 T j E i j$	微震强度	强
事件密度 $q i$	在单位空间体积内微震事件个数	$q i = N / V i$	微震空间分布	较弱
事件率 $q j$	在单位时间（天/时）内发生微震事件的个数	$q j = N / T j$	微震时间变化	较强
地震势P	任意形状岩体体积发生非弹性变形	$P = Δ ε × V$	微震强度	较弱
地震矩M₀	用来表示地震大小的量	$M 0 = P G$	震级大小	较弱
能量密度 $e i$	在单位空间体积内微震事件所释放能量大小	$e i = E / V i$	能量空间分布	较强
能量指数 $I E$	瞬时能量与平均能量之比	$I E = 10 - c (E P d)$	能量相对值趋势	强
视应力 $σ a$	岩体单位非弹性变形对应的能量释放程度，破裂驱动应力	$σ a = G E M 0 = E P$	能量释放程度	较强
视体积 $V a$	震源非弹性剪切变形岩体体积	$V a = μ P 2 E$	微震强度	强
横纵波能量比	S波与P波的能量比值	$E S / E P$	破裂类型	较弱
b值	古登堡-里克特模型中矩震级-频度关系拟合得到的直线斜率	$l g N (M) = a - b M$	强度分布	强

Table 1 Definition and characterization of seismic parameters

震源参数	含义	计算公式	表征特性	预测可行性
总能量E_j	微震事件发生时所释放的能量大小	$E j = ∑ i = 1 T j E i j$	微震强度	强
事件密度 $q i$	在单位空间体积内微震事件个数	$q i = N / V i$	微震空间分布	较弱
事件率 $q j$	在单位时间（天/时）内发生微震事件的个数	$q j = N / T j$	微震时间变化	较强
地震势P	任意形状岩体体积发生非弹性变形	$P = Δ ε × V$	微震强度	较弱
地震矩M₀	用来表示地震大小的量	$M 0 = P G$	震级大小	较弱
能量密度 $e i$	在单位空间体积内微震事件所释放能量大小	$e i = E / V i$	能量空间分布	较强
能量指数 $I E$	瞬时能量与平均能量之比	$I E = 10 - c (E P d)$	能量相对值趋势	强
视应力 $σ a$	岩体单位非弹性变形对应的能量释放程度，破裂驱动应力	$σ a = G E M 0 = E P$	能量释放程度	较强
视体积 $V a$	震源非弹性剪切变形岩体体积	$V a = μ P 2 E$	微震强度	强
横纵波能量比	S波与P波的能量比值	$E S / E P$	破裂类型	较弱
b值	古登堡-里克特模型中矩震级-频度关系拟合得到的直线斜率	$l g N (M) = a - b M$	强度分布	强

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of microseismic monitoring layout and roof strata in 12123 working face

Fig. 2 Distribution of microseismic events during mining

Fig. 3 Clustering distribution characteristics of MS events

Fig. 4 Event frequency and energy characteristics

Fig. 5 Logarithm of energy index and cumulative apparent volume

Fig. 6 Distribution of b value and moment magnitude

Fig. 7 Changing rate of energy index and apparent volume

Fig. 8 Main controlling prediction model

Table 3 Threshold parameters of 12123 working face

参数	阈值确定的范围	预测等级	指标特征
[ $v i$ , $v i + k$ ]∪[ $e i$ , $e i + k$ ]	[1E6,1.5E6]∪[0,-10]	蓝色	主动主控
	[1.5E6,2E6]∪[10,-16]	黄色
	[2E6,2.4E6]∪[16,-20]	橙色
	>2.4E6∪<-20	红色
单日能量/kJ	15	异常	主动次控
b值	0.55	异常	主动次控
事件率	事件数量处于低谷	异常	被动验证

Table 3 Threshold parameters of 12123 working face

参数	阈值确定的范围	预测等级	指标特征
[ $v i$ , $v i + k$ ]∪[ $e i$ , $e i + k$ ]	[1E6,1.5E6]∪[0,-10]	蓝色	主动主控
	[1.5E6,2E6]∪[10,-16]	黄色
	[2E6,2.4E6]∪[16,-20]	橙色
	>2.4E6∪<-20	红色
单日能量/kJ	15	异常	主动次控
b值	0.55	异常	主动次控
事件率	事件数量处于低谷	异常	被动验证

Table 4 Trigger time of prediction grade of working face

20200510T2030

20200519T0219

20200527T1410

20200528T0638

20200518T1647

20200519T0219

20200520T1542

20200521T2356

20200523T1443

20200528T1120

20200530T1203

20200518T1919

20200519T0348

20200522T1424

20200519T0437

20200520T1758

20200522T1627

20200523T1733

Fig. 9 Photo of mining stress distribution of working face

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