Experimental Study on the Suppress Effect of Biphasic Flow Water Mist on Thermal Runaway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Batteries

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2024.08.015

Abstract

Abstract:

To suppress the thermal runaway（TR） and its propagation in lithium?ion batteries， a nitrogen and water mist（NWM） biphasic flow system is constructed. By changing the pressure and duration of the system， comparing the surface temperature and the volume fraction of flue gas emitted from the batteries， and analyzing the cooling power of NWM and the heat accumulation in the battery module， the mechanism and effectiveness of NWM system in suppressing TR propagation in the lithium?ion battery module are studied. The results show that under the synergistic effect of NWM cooling the battery module surface and the suffocation mechanism， duration of the jet fire of the battery module is significantly reduced. Moreover， higher NWM pressure and longer duration of the system leads to lower peak temperature on the battery surface， and time intervals for TR propagation between adjacent batteries increases， demonstrating a significantly enhanced effectiveness of NWM in suppressing the propagation of TR in lithium?ion batteries.

Key words: lithium?ion battery, thermal runaway（TR）, nitrogen, water mist, cooling effect, asphyxiation mechanism

CLC Number:

X 932

Pei-hong ZHANG, Xin ZHANG, Zi-jian LI, Xue JIANG. Experimental Study on the Suppress Effect of Biphasic Flow Water Mist on Thermal Runaway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2024, 45(8): 1185-1192.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1 Arrangement of the batteries and thermocouples

Fig. 2 Arrangement of test

Table 1 Experimental scheme settings

试验	工作压强	持续时间	雾滴D₅₀	N₂流量	水雾流量
试验	MPa	s	μm	L·min^-1	mL·min^-1
1	—	—	—	—	—
2	0.4	30	50	52	140
3	0.5	30	45	56	160
4	0.6	30	40	61	180
5	0.4	60	50	52	140
6	0.5	60	45	56	160
7	0.6	60	40	61	180

Fig. 3 The average temperature of battery module

Fig. 4 Battery module TR with a jet flame and its propagation process

Fig. 5 The average temperature of battery model for test 2~4

Table 2 TR propagation time ti→i + 1

试验	t_1→2	t_2→3	t_3→4	t_4→5	总计
1	7	7	18	13	45
2	5	18	27	55	105
3	8	19	46	35	108
4	6	23	54	—	—
5	6	24	7	14	73
6	5	10	—	—	—
7	6	24	—	—	—

Fig. 6 The average temperature of battery model for test 5~7

Fig. 7 The pictures of each battery after TR for test 7

Table 3 Jet flame suppression and duration of test 1~7

试验	电池1	电池2	电池3	电池4	电池5	射流火持续时间/s
1	√	√	√	√	√	96
2	√	√	×	×	×	29
3	√	√	×	×	×	24
4	√	√	×	×	—	22
5	√	√	×	×	×	31
6	√	√	×	—	—	22
7	√	√	×	—	—	20

Fig. 8 Heat accumulation of each battery in test 1, 4, 7

Fig. 9 The average temperature of battery 1 surface at each location in test 1 and test 7

Fig. 10 Content of each flue gas during the TR process of the battery module in test 1 and test 7

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