Abstract: The residual stress and tribological characteristics of ground surface of a 45 steel workpiece as specimen after the AJF restricted by grinding wheel were investigated experimentally on M7120 surface grinder with the value of ground surface roughness Sa=0.6 μm. The residual stress of ground surface of specimen was measured with TW3040-60 X-ray diffractometer, and the effects of surface morphology on the friction coefficient and abrasiveness of the ground surface after AJF were investigated with the MG-2000 pin-on-disk wearing tester. The results showed that the tensile stress of ground surface changes into compressive stress gradually along with the increasing grinding time which affects greatly the residual stress, and the Sa value decreases from about 0.626 μm to about 0.2 μm with increasing grinding cycles. Compared with the ground surface before AJF, friction coefficient and abraded quantity of the surface after AJF are obviously reduced with surface hardness increases gradually-the fact is in conformity with the change in residual stress.