Abstract: A collocation spectral method based on modified Chebyshev polynomials expansions is presented to directly solve the one-dimensional radiative heat transfer problems with absorbing, emitting and anisotropically scattering media. Two cases of one-dimensional radiative heat transfer are examined to verify the performance of the modified Chebyshev collocation spectral method. The predicted radiative intensity and heat fluxes are compared with the results obtained by the least squares finite element method and analytic values. These results show that the present method can provide high accuracy to solve the radiative heat transfer between parallel plane media.