Abstract: A novel environment-friendly optimized gateway deployment for underwater acoustic sensor networks is proposed to overcome the problem of increased end-to-end delay and decreased packet delivery rate caused by marine mammals sharing the acoustic channel with underwater acoustic sensor networks. Gateways are considered as data centers of underwater acoustic sensor networks and the location of marine mammals is determined with statistical methods. The interference region of mammals-gateway is determined through combining the location with the radius of interference calculated by acoustic channel model. The strategy utilizes integer linear programming and greedy-exchange heuristic algorithm to realize the minimization of the average end-to-end delay. Simulation results and comparisons with the random deployment and the deployment ignoring mammals show that the new proposed gateway deployment strategy decreases the end-to-end delay by 62% and 52% and increases the packet delivery rate by 36% and 19%.

Key words: underwater acoustic sensor network, environment-friendly, gateway, end-to-end delay, greedy-exchange algorithm