Abstract: Formation mechanism of iron oxide scales in hot-rolled heavy and medium plates was analyzed to explore the control method of oxide scales. The experimental and industrial results showed that the lower Si and Mn contents, the addition of Gr, the rapid heating with slight positive pressure and partial-pressure oxidization atmosphere, the descaling temperature above 1173°C and the reasonable equipment parameters of descaler can inhibit the formation of iron oxide scales. Adopting reasonable rolling parameters, high-temperature fast rolling and low-temperature finish rolling can also effectively reduce oxide scales. Rolling speed and reduction ratio can significantly affect the oxide scale thickness and surface roughness. The thickness and surface roughness of oxide scale decrease with the increase of reduction rate and rolling speed.