Mining-Induced Surrounding Rock Instability and Surface Subsidence Based on Combination of In-situ Monitoring and Numerical Modelling

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2024.02.011

Abstract

Abstract:

A three-dimensional geological model integrating real ground topography, ore bodies, and tunnels was established by 3Dmine and UAV. Combined with Rhino6-FLAC^3D, a numerical calculation model for ore body extraction was developed. The impact of rock movement and surface deformation was simulated and analyzed. The effectiveness of simulation results was verified through InSAR monitoring. The results indicate that the simulation results are consistent with InSAR monitoring, indicating that the research method combining monitoring and simulation is effective. For the goaf left by open-pit mining, dry filling can limit the damage of surrounding rock and filling body. The stability of shallow filled mining areas might be affected by deep operations in the mining area, and there is a negative correlation between the severity of disturbance and the distance from deep work areas. According to InSAR monitoring and numerical simulation, the impact of goaf destruction and mining disturbance on the surface subsidence is weak.

Key words: surface deformation, goaf, numerical simulation, filling body, InSAR monitoring

CLC Number:

TD 853

Yu-meng WANG, Kai GUAN, Wan-cheng ZHU, Hong-lei LIU. Mining-Induced Surrounding Rock Instability and Surface Subsidence Based on Combination of In-situ Monitoring and Numerical Modelling[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2024, 45(2): 234-243.

Figures/Tables 25

Fig. 1 3D geological model of ore body based on 3Dmine

Fig. 2 Numerical calculation model based on multi means of UAV?3Dmine?Rhino?FLAC3D

Fig. 3 Simulation scheme

Fig. 4 Top view of model

Table 1 FLAC3D numerical simulation parameters

名称	块体密度/（g·cm^-3）	变形模量×10^-4/MPa	抗拉强度/MPa	内聚力C/MPa	内摩擦角 $φ$ /（°）	泊松比
矿体	3.875	2.09	4.84	8.37	42.86	0.21
浅部围岩	2.72	0.10	0.1	0.26	35.06	0.26
深部围岩	2.72	5.20	5	13.00	35.06	0.26
破碎带	2.72	0.05	0.14	0.40	31	0.26
废石充填	2.72	2.11	2.4	6.25	35.06	0.26
胶结充填	2.02	0.12	0.4	0.93	40	0.28

Table 1 FLAC3D numerical simulation parameters

名称	块体密度/（g·cm^-3）	变形模量×10^-4/MPa	抗拉强度/MPa	内聚力C/MPa	内摩擦角 $φ$ /（°）	泊松比
矿体	3.875	2.09	4.84	8.37	42.86	0.21
浅部围岩	2.72	0.10	0.1	0.26	35.06	0.26
深部围岩	2.72	5.20	5	13.00	35.06	0.26
破碎带	2.72	0.05	0.14	0.40	31	0.26
废石充填	2.72	2.11	2.4	6.25	35.06	0.26
胶结充填	2.02	0.12	0.4	0.93	40	0.28

Fig. 5 Mechanical response after mining of shallow ore body （+928～+808） by open stoping method

Fig. 6 Mechanical response after filling the western shallow goaf （+928～+808） with waste rock

Table 2 Plastic area volume before and after filling of shallow goaf

浅部空区充填前塑性区体积×10^-9/m³	浅部空区充填后塑性区体积×10^-9/m³	增长率/%
1.605 4	1.605 64	0.015

Fig. 7 Location relationship between ore body and surface buildings （structures）

Table 3 Numerical calculation results of surface subsidence at each monitoring point

建（构）筑物	地表沉降数值计算结果/mm
副井	-44.65
办公生活区	-17.32
岩芯库	-10.62
选厂、主井	-25.104
炸药库	-18.804
变电所	-36.01

Fig. 8 Nephogram of maximum principal stress after stoping in the middle section of +768

Fig. 9 Nephogram of plastic zone after mining and filling in the middle section of +768

Fig. 10 Nephogram of plastic zone after mining and filling in the middle section of +728

Table 4 Volume of plastic zone along with deep ore body mining in the middle section of +808

回采进程	+808中段塑性区体积/m³
浅部空区充填	0
+768中段回采—充填	12 438.1
+728中段回采—充填	17 522.6
+688中段回采—充填	19 726.8
+648中段回采—充填	20 005.1
+608中段回采—充填	20 349.7
+568中段回采—充填	20 691.5
+518中段回采—充填	20 814.6
+468中段回采—充填	20 880.8
+428中段回采—充填	20 880.8
+378中段回采—充填	20 880.8
+328中段回采—充填	20 880.8
+278中段回采—充填	20 880.8

Fig. 11 Nephogram of plastic zone of shallow goaf after mining and filling in the middle section +278

Fig. 12 Nephogram of filling body settlement in the middle section +928～+768

Table 5 Surface subsidence value caused by mining and filling of deep ore body

建（构）筑物	地表沉降值/mm
副井	-0.16
办公生活区	-0.23
岩芯库	-1.35
选厂、主井	-1.65
炸药库	-0.008
变电所	-0.03

Fig. 13 Distribution of InSAR monitoring points

Fig. 14 InSAR monitoring data of surface buildings

Fig. 15 Accumulated surface subsidence value of InSAR in May 2020

Table 6 FLAC3D numerical simulation results and InSAR surface deformation monitoring results

建（构）筑物	地表累积沉降值/mm	InSAR地表沉降监测结果/mm	最大允许变形值/mm
副井	-44.978	-46	-450
办公生活区	-17.816	-11	-480
岩芯库	-13.382	-5	-200
选厂、主井	-28.969	-27	-270
炸药库	-18.814	-22	-252
变电所	-36.046	-34	-480

Table 7 Maximum principal stress nephogram of two pillar recovery schemes

回采方案	最大主应力云图
由西到东
由东到西

Table 8 Surface subsidence value caused by two mining schemes

建（构）筑物	自西向东	自东向西
副井	-0.172	-0.172
办公生活区	-0.278	-0.278
岩芯库	-1.433	-1.433
选厂、主井	-2.227	-2.227
炸药库	-0.001 4	-0.001 4
变电所	-0.032 7	-0.032 7

Table 9 Plastic zone volume of surrounding rock produced by two mining schemes

塑性破坏状态	自西向东	自东向西
正在拉伸破坏	7.362 7e6	7.926 71e6
正在剪切破坏	5.336 12e7	5.429 84e7
已拉伸破坏	2.863 08e8	2.863 08e8
已剪切破坏	1.326 28e9	1.326 28e9

Table 10 Prediction of accumulated surface subsidence value after residual ore recovery

建（构）筑物	残矿回收后地表变形预测结果/mm	最大允许变形值/mm
副井	-45.15	-450
办公生活区	-18.094	-480
岩芯库	-14.815	-200
选厂、主井	-31.196	-270
炸药库	-18.815	-252
变电所	-36.079	-480

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