职工生育保险中的逆向选择实证检验

doi:10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2023.03.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生育行为的可计划性使得生育保险所保障的风险本质上不同于其他社会风险。强制性生育保险为何在职工社会保险当中覆盖面较低始终未得到合理解释。使用中国小微企业调查2015年数据证实了职工生育保险当中存在“保险—风险”正相关关系。以女性员工占比表示企业内“生育风险”发生的概率，研究发现小微企业中女性员工占比越高则该企业越倾向于逆向选择参加生育保险;员工的平均年龄负向调节了女性员工占比与企业生育保险参与之间的关系，员工平均年龄越低，则企业的逆向选择越强烈;小微企业的参保行为受到所在地生育保险基金充裕程度的影响，基金越充裕则小微企业越容易逃避参加生育保险。促进生育保险应保尽保需要落实职工社会保险的强制性，并重点关注小微企业在参保过程中的逆向选择。

关键词: 生育保险; 逆向选择; 小微企业; 女性员工

Abstract: Fertility behavior can be planned， so the risks covered by maternity insurance are essentially different from other social risks. Mandatory maternity insurance has lower coverage than other social insurances for employees， which has not yet been reasonably explained. The 2015 data of China Micro and Small Enterprise Survey was used to confirm that there is a positive “coverage-risk” relationship in employee maternity insurance. The proportion of female employees represents the probability of the occurrence of “fertility risk” in an enterprise. The study found that the higher the proportion of female employees in small and micro enterprises， the more inclined enterprises to adversely selection into maternity insurance， and the average age of employees negatively moderates the relationship between the proportion of female employees and whether enterprises participate in maternity insurance. The younger the average age of employees， the more serious the adverse selection. The insurance participation behavior of small and micro enterprises is affected by the abundance of local maternity insurance fund， and the more abundant the fund， the easier it is for small and micro enterprises to avoid participating in maternity insurance. To promote the coverage of maternity insurance， it is necessary to implement mandatory social insurance for employees， and focus on the adverse selection of small and micro enterprises in insurance participation.

Key words: maternity insurance; adversely selection; micro and small enterprise;female employee

中图分类号:

C979

杨攀续，钟仁耀. 职工生育保险中的逆向选择实证检验[J]. 东北大学学报（社会科学版）, 2023, 25(3): 95-105.

YANG Panxu， ZHONG Renyao. An Empirical Test of Adverse Selection in Employee Maternity Insurance[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science), 2023, 25(3): 95-105.

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