Abstract: The modernization of the national ecological governance system and governance capabilities is not only an integral part of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities， but also the fundamental path for the continuous improvement of the level of ecological civilization construction. Moreover， it is a key area for China to contribute its ecological governance wisdom and solutions to the world. The Marxist ecological civilization thought， the ecological governance theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the excellent elements of Western ecological governance theories provide the theoretical construction conditions for promoting the modernization of national ecological governance system and governance capacities. The practical logic of promoting the modernization of national ecological governance system and governance capacities can be constructed by cultivating the ecological governance concept with Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought as the core， establishing an ecological governance system with the improvement of ecological legal system as the breakthrough point， and promoting the construction of a collaborative governance mechanism of diversified subjects with clear rights and responsibilities.

Key words: ecological governance modernization; ecological governance system; ecological governance capacity; construction of ecological civilization