Abstract: The emergence of knowledge production model 3 that emphasizes the internationalization of research and focuses on the socially beneficial nature of research has put forward new requirements for the reform of research evaluation systems in various countries. From the theoretical perspective of knowledge production model 3， after several rounds of changes， Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA)， which is the national university research evaluation system of Australian， has to a certain extent met the trend of changes in research evaluation under the background of knowledge production model 3， but there are still problems and weaknesses in the design of rating scales， the setting of evaluation units and the operation and management of evaluation， which hinders the internationalization of research， buries the social public interests of research， and neglects the complexity enhancement of research. In view of this， the new round of ERA 2023 further enhances the differentiation of rating scales， reconstructs the evaluation standard system by closely following the international benchmarks， adds task-oriented evaluation units， and strengthens the rational application of data and emerging technologies. Through these measures， ERA 2023 aims to effectively enhance the international competitiveness and social benefits of scientific research through research evaluation， while balancing the tension between the diversity of evaluation criteria and the consistency of the evaluation process， and seeking ways to break the high cost of running the evaluation. Australia's experience can provide important implications for China to build a scientific research evaluation system oriented by national strategic needs and to form a globally competitive scientific research and innovation ecology.

Key words: Australia; college and university; research evaluation; Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA); knowledge production model 3