Abstract: “The Second Combination” points out the direction for building the modern Chinese civilization. As the spiritual totem and cultural root of the Chinese nation， Chinese traditional culture is displayed in philosophy， literature and art， morality and ethics， religious belief， and etc. It is the origin of modern Chinese civilization. Interpreting the essence and connotation of Chinese traditional culture from the perspective of the times， clarifying the thinking modes such as holistic thinking， systematic thinking and dialectical thinking， as well as the humanistic spirit such as the creative spirit of self-improvement， the exploration spirit of hard work and simplicity， the harmonious but different inclusive spirit， and the responsibility spirit of taking the world as one's own. Specifically， to continue the cultural root of Chinese civilization in the new era， it is necessary to endow traditional culture with the connotation of the times and strengthen national education， to develop cultural industry and pay attention to practice， to strengthen cultural translation and introduction， and to promote the exchange and mutual learning of civilizations.

Key words: Chinese-style modernization; Chinese traditional culture; modern Chinese civilization