Abstract: Based on Chinas provincial panel data between 1997 and 2011， this paper explored the effects of demographic and economic factors on Chinas population aging. The results showed that from the national perspective， birth rate has a negative effect on population aging while there are quite a few factors that have positive effects on population aging such as mortality rate， investment in education， average income level， the development of non-agricultural industries and the non-agriculturalization level. However， from the regional perspective， the effect of birth rate in the eastern， middle and western regions is negative; the impact of mortality rate， investment in education， the development of non-agricultural industry and the non-agriculturalization level in the three regions are all positive while health investment has a negative effect in the eastern and western regions and the development of non-agricultural industries has a negative effect in the eastern region.

Key words: population aging, demographic factor, economic factor